It is estimated that one in four adults (approximately 50 million) in the United States has elevated blood pressure - and more than 30 percent of them are unaware of it. Since people with hypertension may not exhibit any symptoms, their high blood pressure is often undiagnosed until complications occur. It has been proven that blood pressure screening facilitates early diagnosis and treatment. Proper treatment clearly reduces the risk of the complications associated with hypertension.
Blood pressure
随着血液通过循环系统携带血液，血压是对动脉壁施加的力。力的测量是关于心脏泵送活性的，并且以毫米的汞（MMHG）测量。数量越高或收缩压，是在心脏收缩或节拍的心室发生时发生的压力。数量较低或舒张压，是节拍之间记录的测量，而心脏放松。收缩号放置在舒张号上，始终是两个数字的较高。例如，110/70（读数为110以上）。
Elevated blood pressure or hypertension
The diagnosis of hypertension is made when the force required for blood flow is greater than normal. According to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII), a blood pressure measurement of less than 120/80 mmHg is considered normal; 120-139/80-89 mmHg should be considered prehypertension; 140-159/90-99 mmHg is stage 1 hypertension; and greater than 160/at or greater than 100 mmHg is stage 2 hypertension. A diagnosis of hypertension is made when a person has had two or more elevated readings after the initial assessment. Readings are taken in a quiet room after relaxation. It is normal for the blood pressure to increase with exertion, or even with pain to a certain extent.
In people over the age of 50, systolic blood pressure (BP) of more than 140 mmHg is a much more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP. In fact, the risk of CVD, beginning at 115/75 mmHg, doubles with each increment of 20/10 mmHg. Interestingly, the risk of hypertension increases with age and it has been estimated that despite normal blood pressure at the age of 55 there will still be a 90 percent lifetime risk for developing hypertension.
Plotting your blood pressure
The guidelines (JNC 7) in place now will be updated again before the end of the decade. For adult patients (aged 18 years old and over) who have not previously been treated for or been diagnosed as having hypertension, you are considered in one of the following categories:
| 类别 | Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | Diastolic Pressure (mmHg) |
| NORMAL | 小于120. | Less Than 80 |
| 预发性 | 120至139. | 80=89 |
| HYPERTENSION, stage 1 | 140到159. | 90-99 |
| HYPERTENSION, stage 2 | 160 or more | 100或更多 |
根据您的血压，将选择某些治疗和管理策略。您的类别由达到的最高类别选择。因此，如果您的血压为138/98，则您有1阶段的高血压。每个目标都是让你的血压进入你的最佳范围，以便您可能会有利于减少对正常风险的影响。治疗不会让你成为一个非高血压。在您的余生中，您将比没有高血压的人有关的问题较高。这意味着您必须继续关注您的余生血压。治疗的目标也是治疗这种沉默的问题，而不会导致来自药物的其他问题。
生活方式修改
For almost all people defined as prehypertensive or hypertensive, lifestyle modifications should be recommended. These include reduction of excess salt intake, reduction of weight to the ideal body weight for your height, age and body structure, and an exercise program.
药物：
可以规定数百种不同类型的药物以进行高血压。大多数患者终生都会有几个。对于患者的患者，初始初始从一种药物开始。这为大多数人提供了噻嗪类型利尿剂。Acei（血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂），仲裁（血管紧张素类型1受体阻滞剂），Bb（β阻断剂），CCB（钙通道阻断剂或组合通常考虑取决于患者和存在或不存在其他适应症。我们走了与患有血压突然下降的人更慢，在慢性肾脏疾病中更具侵略性。对于大多数患有第2阶段高血压的患者，我们预计我们将至少需要抗高血压药物组合。
初级和继发性高血压
原发性或基本高血压没有已知的原因，但是遗传和生活方式因素，如体重和盐消耗可以有助于高血压。八十到九十百分之九十患者被诊断出患有高血压的人在此类别中适应。当没有发现高血压的其他原因时，诊断。
Secondary hypertension is caused by another medical condition such as a blockage of an artery to the kidney, adrenal and neurendocrine tumors, kidney disease, or pregnancy. Several medications including oral contraceptives prednisone, cyclosporine, and the intake of certain foodstuffs (licorice) may also cause hypertension as a drug-related side effect.
风险因素
有几个因素,使人们处于危险中for hypertension. Increasing age, gender, heredity and race are factors that cannot be controlled. Elderly individuals are especially encouraged to undergo regular screening for the presence of hypertension because the condition is so prevalent in this population and is treatable once identified. African Americans are at greater risk for developing hypertension than Caucasians.Controllable risk factors are lifestyle related: obesity, diet, lack of exercise, certain medications, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
症状
高血压被称为沉默的杀手，因为大部分时间都没有症状，因此没有症状。因此，不太可能诊断出不太可能获得医疗保健的患者。当患者说他们“可以告诉”如果他们的血压升高，它们就像正确一样。如果您感受到以下任何一种，您应该寻求医疗注意力并检查您的血压：头痛，头晕，不规则或快速心跳，胸痛，呼吸急促，流鼻血，疲劳和视力模糊。
Sources
国家心脏，肺和血液研究所。预防，检测，评价和治疗高血压委员会联合委员会第七次报告。美国医学协会杂志。2003年5月;289：2573-2574。
Virtual Hospital:临床医生的预防服务手册。高血压。
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion - Public Health Service. How To Keep Your Blood Pressure Under Control.