Let’s Talk About the Signs and Symptoms of Heart Disease

也许你去过最近感到异常疲劳或呼吸有些呼吸。或者，也许当您躺下时，您的胸部偶尔会出现疼痛。也许您注意到腿和脚的肿胀，或者有时会出现不错的比赛或跳动。这些症状（以及更多）可以表明某种形式的心脏病。我们将帮助您了解要寻找的东西，以及哪些症状永远不会忽略。您的工作：与您的医生，STAT谈论您的担忧，以便您可以筛查心脏病，这可能会挽救您的生命。

心脏病的体征和症状

Our Pro Panel

我们去了一些美国心脏病领域的顶级专家，为您带来最新的信息。

Guy Mintz, M.D.

Director of Cardiovascular Health & Lipidology

桑德拉·阿特拉斯·巴斯心脏医院

Manhasset, NY

Michael Goyfman M.D.，MPH

Director of Clinical Cardiology

Long Island Jewish Forest Hills

纽约皇后区

Andrew Freeman, M.D.

心血管预防和健康主任

National Jewish Health

丹佛

First, What Exactly Is Heart Disease?

心脏病不是一种疾病。取而代之的是，这是影响人体最重要肌肉的各种疾病的术语。（我们将概述主要类型（以及它们触发的征兆和症状）。）

根据疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的说法，这也是男性和女性的第一杀手，每37秒钟一次美国死亡。毫无疑问，这些都是令人震惊的统计数据。

但是，如果您注意身体的警告信号并及时采取行动，那么您有很大的机会在轨道上停止心脏病，或者完全击败其最坏的影响。这可能意味着提高您的运动商，搅动香烟或进行其他生活方式调整。

Why? Because the American Heart Association estimates that 8 out of 10 cases of heart disease can be prevented. That means your heart’s long-term health is often in your own hands.

Not everyone can avoid heart disease by making healthier choices—sometimes things like age, biology, and genetics play a role in its development. Still, no matter how or why your ticker needs attention, early diagnosis is the goal: The sooner you get treatment, the better your chances are of living well going forward. That’s what makes recognizing the signs and symptoms of heart disease so very important.

心脏病体征和心脏病症状有什么区别？

实际上很简单：

• Asymptom是您感觉或经历的东西，但无法客观地衡量。疲劳就是一个很好的例子。由于某些类型的心脏病，您可能会感到疲劳，但是您的医生无法观察或正式量化它。

• 标志另一方面，可以测量。您的医生可以进行血压阅读，拍摄心脏图像，并测试您的血液以揭示心脏病的迹象。

In some cases, you may have signs of heart disease but no symptoms. High blood pressure (HBP) is a good example of this; it often gets dubbed “the silent killer” because it may be present and causing harm to your heart without any obvious physical clues. In fact, many people aren’t aware they have HBP until a doctor tells them so.

What Are Some Common Signs and Symptoms of Heart Disease?

One thing to make clear from the start: Numerous heart disease symptoms are actually pretty vague, meaning they could be caused by any number of things other than heart disease. Which can make things tricky, or even lull you into thinking nothing serious is going on.

Take fatigue: In our go-go, 24-7 world, everyone’s feeling a little tired, right? And while some types of heart disease, such as heart failure, can make you feel extremely fatigued, being exhausted or rundown doesn’t automatically mean you have a heart disorder.

那么，您怎么知道什么时候什么都没有，什么时候呢？切勿将持久或异常的疲劳注销，这不用担心。我们谈论的是在爬上一条楼梯后感到疲惫不堪，或者尽管您精疲力尽，就无法入睡。听你的身体，如果某事感觉不正常或正确，请注意。

Ok, let’s get started. We’ll break down signs and symptoms bybetway168 . As you’ll see, some types of heart disease share similar symptoms.

高血压(HBP, or Hypertension)

您的心脏的抽水会在每节拍时造成压力。这种压力迫使血液通过血管到您的身体其他部位，然后再次回到您的心脏。由于各种原因，这种压力可能会比正常情况高，并且随着时间的流逝，升高的压力使您有冠状动脉疾病CAD，心脏病发作，中风和心力衰竭的风险。

据疾病预防控制中心（CDC）称，所有美国成年人中有一半患有HBP，即接近1.1亿男女。随着年龄的增长，它变得越来越普遍，但是幸运的是，将其保持在正常范围内。

Unfortunately, though, HBP does not produce any symptoms to alert you there’s a problem. You likely won’t learn you have high blood pressure without visiting your doctor, where measuring your BP is a standard part of just about any appointment.

您的医生将使用一种称为血压计的设备 - 您知道，带有充气套筒的套管缠绕在您的上臂的设备，以测量您的心脏跳动（称为收缩压BP）的压力，而节拍或舒张压之间的压力bp。

您会看到这样的两个数字：120/80。该读数在正常范围内。根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，如果最高数字为130或更高，并且底部数量超过80（并且留在那里），则您的血压高。您的BP被认为是“高架”，这是HBP待处理的第一个危险信号，收缩压高达129（即使您的舒张压保持在80或以下）。

冠状动脉疾病（CAD）

This is the most common form of heart disease, and it occurs when a fatty substance called plaque has built up on the walls of your heart’s arteries. This plaque restricts the normal flow of oxygen-rich blood. Plaque also can rupture, or break apart, which triggers the formation of blood clots that may completely block your artery and cause a heart attack.

The major symptoms of CAD are:

• Angina.This is the medical term for chest pain or other type of discomfort caused by CAD. You may feel a tightness or squeezing sensation in your chest. It can spread to other parts of your upper body, such as your arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, and back. Angina also may feel like indigestion. The pain or discomfort tends to be brief.

• Shortness of breath and fatigue.受限的血流限制了您的心脏所获得的氧气（一种称为缺血的疾病），即使在进行正常活动后，这也可能使您精疲力尽。

• Heart attack.While techinically not a "symptom," your first sign of CAD may be a heart attack. This occurs when you have what’s called silent ischemia, in which you don’t experience chest pain or other warning signs.

您的医生将使用以下一些或所有测试深入研究CAD的迹象：

• Bloodwork:为了确定是否对您的心脏造成损害，您的医生可能会吸血以测量存在激素脑纳替肽（BNP）的水平。通常，BNP少量存在于血液中，但由于心脏问题，该水平上升并可以测量。

• 心电图（EKG）：这种快速，无痛的测试可以测量您心脏的电活动，并可以确定CAD典型的异常。

• Echocardiogram:这是一种超声波，产生声波，以创建您的心脏图像，有助于衡量其强度和功能的功能。

• 心脏导管插入：在这种侵入性过程中，将细管插入腹股沟中的血管中，并将其螺纹到您的心脏，在那里可以检测到堵塞。

心脏病发作

如果血液向您的心脏流动被阻塞，对心肌的损害或死亡损害或死亡，这就是心脏病发作。当CAD破裂并触发凝块形成时，通常会发生这种情况。心脏病发作可能是致命的，应立即治疗。如果您感到明显或令人不安的症状，请不要犹豫：立即致电911。

有时，心脏病发作没有症状，并不是每个患有症状的人都会经历相同的症状，但是这里最常见：

• Chest pain

• Shortness of breath

• Nausea

• Indigestion

• 胃灼热

• 腹痛

• 疲劳

• Lightheadedness and dizziness

• 冷汗

• 下巴，肩膀或手臂疼痛

胸痛是最常见的症状，但男性比女性更有可能经历这种疼痛。女性的心脏病发作症状更有可能包括恶心和疲劳以及呕吐。

心脏病发作的可测量迹象包括心电图揭示的异常电活动以及堵塞的存在，可以通过心脏导管插入术检测。医生还将吸血以测试一种称为肌钙蛋白的蛋白质，只有在受损时，心脏才会释放出来。

Congestive Heart Failure

这是一种进步的疾病，您的心脏变得越来越少，无法泵入足够的血液以满足身体的需求。它有几种标志性症状，您一定会注意到其中许多症状：

• 运动不宽容。This begins in the early stages of heart failure. Because your heart can’t pump enough oxygen-rich blood to your body, it takes less physical exertion to wear you out than it would have previously, leaving you feeling weak and fatigued.(If you suddenly struggle walking up the stairs to your bedroom, for instance, you’ll want to check in with your doctor.) This can create a vicious circle: Do less exercise, and your heart weakens, which makes regular activities even more challenging.

• Shortness of breath.Heart failure often leads to fluid buildup in your lungs, and this makes it a struggle to breathe, a condition called dyspnea.

• Persistent cough.Breathing problems may be accompanied by a persistent cough or wheezing. You may cough up mucus tinged with blood.

• 你的四肢肿胀。随着肾脏的过滤血液，心力衰竭会导致液体积累。这通常会导致腿部，脚踝和脚部肿胀，但也可能发生在您的腹部，肝脏和下背部。一个引人注目的迹象：穿上鞋子变得更加困难。

• 突然体重增加。As fluids build up in your body, your weight goes up as well. This can happen rapidly and dramatically. You may have weight gains of as much as five pounds in a day. If you’re already being treated for heart failure, call your doctor if you gain more than two pounds in a 24-hour period.

• Irregular heartbeat.您的心脏可能会更快地跳动，以跟上身体的需求。随着时间的流逝，心力衰竭会导致一种称为心房颤动的一种不稳定的心跳，从而增加了您患血块的风险。

• 混乱, difficulty concentrating, and impaired thinking.当您的心脏无法像以前一样抽血时，您的大脑将与身体其余部分一起被剥夺。不足的血液会损害您的认知能力。

您的医生通过以下方式寻找心脏病的迹象：

• 血液检查。这些揭示了源自心力衰竭时在心脏中发现的亚钠肽的存在。

• 胸部X射线。These allow your doctor to see if your heart has enlarged, a key sign of heart failure. It will also provide a picture of fluid in your lungs.

• 心电图（EKG）。This is done to measure damage to your heart and to determine if it’s electrical circuits function properly.

• Echocardiogram.该测试使用声波来产生您的心脏图片，以便您的医生可以看到它的工作状况。

心律不齐

异常心跳有多种类型，其中有些是善良的，有些是良性的，有些则实际上是无法检测到的，但可能是致命的。它们可能太快，太慢或不稳定。最常见的类型是atrial fibrillation, an irregular rhythm that can allow blood clots to form in the heart that can then cause a stroke. Arrhythmias don't always have symptoms. Many people with afib, as it's often called, may not even know they have it until it shows up on a physical exam, ECG, or other form of rhythm monitoring (such as a wearable device).

同样，您的症状的严重程度可能不会因心律不齐的严重性而追踪。换句话说，如果您只有轻度症状，请不要以为您患有温和的病例。这是常见症状：

• 心pal。这是当您感觉到胸部或心脏赛车的撞击时。有时这是正常的。锻炼后，例如，如果您突然感到恐惧。但是突然，无法解释的呼吸可能表明心律不齐。心律不齐也可能导致您的心脏感觉像跳动了，或者在常规节拍之间添加了额外的节拍。大多数情况下，这种类型的心律失常是无害的，但是您应该担心它是否经常发生或引起您的不适感。

• 呼吸急促，疲劳，头晕和胸痛。When your heart doesn’t beat like it should, it can’t keep up with the body’s demand for oxygen, leading to any or all of these symptoms.

• Fainting.心律不齐can cause a dangerous drop in your blood pressure, and this can cause you to faint. This is a medical emergency.

There are plenty of ways your doctor can detect the signs of an arrhythmia. They include:

• 心电图（EKG）。与其他形式的心脏病一样，这种无痛的无侵袭性测试向您的医生表明您的心脏中的任何电气异常，包括心律不齐。

• Holter监控器和活动记录器。These are portable devices you wear throughout the day and night. They record your heart’s electrical activity over a few days or a few weeks. Why might you be asked to wear one? Your arrhythmia may not be active when your doctor examines you, so these devices will allow you to capture episodes that occur as you go about your daily routine. Holter monitors are always active and recording. Event recorders must be turned on when you begin to experience symptoms of your arrhythmia.

Stroke

当您的血液的大脑供应被切断时，您会遇到所谓的中风。大多数情况下，这是由一个凝块在您的心脏中发展并传播到大脑的凝块引起的，它阻塞了血液的流动。当脑细胞无法获得血液通常向其传递的氧气时，它们就开始死亡。中风可能很快致命，它们是严重长期残疾的主要原因。

知道以下症状并在发现它们时立即寻求帮助：

• 言语不清

• 混乱

• Difficulty understanding what others are saying

• 瘫痪或麻木，通常只会影响身体的一侧。您的脸，腿和手臂通常受到影响。

• Blurred vision or blackening of your eyesight in one or both eyes, and/or double vision

• 突然而严重的头痛，可能伴有呕吐

• 头晕

• 平衡使步行困难的问题

这是一张快速的备忘单，可以帮助您识别自己或他人的中风。

Think F.A.S.T.:

• 脸下垂

• Arm weakness

• 语音困难

• 是时候致电911

Your doctor or the doctor in the emergency room will look for the signs above when trying to determine if you are having a stroke. To look for definitive signs and to diagnose a stroke, you will likely undergo:

• 计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描。这提供了您大脑的详细图片，因此您的医生可以确定中风是否发生。

• 磁共振成像（MRI）。MRI提供您的大脑图像，并允许您的医生确定中风是否损坏。

• Carotid ultrasound.This uses sound waves to create a picture of your carotid arteries, which supply blood to your brain. When narrowed by plaque, they can make you vulnerable to a stroke.

• Echocardiogram.该测试可以帮助确定引起中风的凝块的起源。

认识我们的作家

Matt McMillen

Matt McMillen has been a freelance health reporter since 2002. In that time he’s written about everything from acupuncture to the Zika virus. He covers breaking medical news and the latest medical studies, profiles celebrities, and crafts easy to digest overviews of medical conditions. His work has appeared, both online and in print, in华盛顿邮报,WebMD Magazine,糖尿病预测,AARP和其他地方。

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