What Medications Interact With Grapefruit?
每天的药物可能会受到柑橘类水果的负面影响，有时会产生严重的副作用。这是您需要知道的。
Is a grapefruitor a glass of grapefruit juice part of your daily diet? If so, you should rethink it if you take certain medications because potentially dangerous interactions can occur.
Whilegrapefruit它含有健康剂量的维生素C，钾和纤维，还包含一种化学（或化学物质），该化学（或化学物质）阻断了您体内称为CYP3A4的酶的产生。该酶是您的肝脏使其有助于代谢（分解）您服用的药物的一组酶之一。或两者兼而有之。
CYP3A4 is the most common of these enzymes. When grapefruit juice prevents it from doing its job, problems occur. “Because it can impair medication metabolism, it may lead to higher levels of the drug in the body and increase the risk of adverse effects,” says Dr. Rondon.
How Grapefruit Interferes With Prescription Drugs
It doesn’t take much grapefruit to cause problems.“One whole grapefruit, or one glass of grapefruit juice, is enough to cause effects that can be significant,” says Mary Catherine Platz, Pharm.D., a pharmacy resident at the University of West Virginia School of Pharmacy.
For example, say you havehigh cholesterol。如果您是数以百万计的人之一statin为了使其达到健康水平，您应该避免葡萄柚。葡萄柚汁中的化学物质会导致汀类药物（如辛伐他汀）和甲伐酸（Lovastatin）等汀类药物留在您的体内。这增加了您肝脏损伤和肌肉损害的风险。反过来，这可能会导致肾脏衰竭FDA。
Less commonly, grapefruit juice also can block proteins that transport drugs around the body. That means your medication won’t reach all the places that it needs to go in order to be most effective, says Dr. Rondon.
How Grapefruit Interacts With Over-the Counter Medication
您不仅要担心处方药。如果您有过敏并服用非处方抗组胺Allegra（fexofenadine），那么如果您食用葡萄柚或喝葡萄柚汁，也将无法正常工作。实际上，橙汁和苹果汁也可能会干扰Allegra，因此在服用这种药物时避免果汁。药物标签。
为什么葡萄柚和葡萄柚汁具有这种作用？尽管医生已经知道确实发生了这种相互作用，但他们仍然不知道葡萄柚会导致他们。一个嫌疑人，据这些人说哈佛医学院，是一种称为Furanocoumarin的化学物质。该化学物质也可以在其他一些水果中找到，例如塞维利亚橙子，pomelos和Tangelos，因此在服用已知与葡萄柚相互作用的药物时，最好也避免它们。
Which Drugs Does Grapefruit Interact With?
The list of medications that may have adverse interactions with grapefruit is long—and just because your drug isn’t on the list here doesn’t mean there you shouldn’t worry.
Here is a list of common drugs that interact with grapefruit. Keep in mind that this is not a complete list and you should review your medications with your doctor or pharmacist to determine if any of the medications you take may be affected by grapefruit.
Antihistamines: Allegra (fexofenadine)
抗血小板药物以防止血凝块：plavix（氯吡格雷）和brilinta（ticagrelor）
Anxiety and insomnia drugs: Valium (diazepam), Halcion (triazolam), and Versed (midazolam)
Arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythm medication: Pacerone and Cordarone (both amiodarone)
血液稀释剂（抗凝剂）: Coumadin and Jantoven (both warfarin)
高血压和心绞痛（胸痛）的钙通道阻滞剂：procardia和adalat（均为硝苯地平）和Plendil（felodipine）
Corticosteroids for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis：Entocort EC和UCERIS（均为Budesonide）
Erectile dysfunction drugs: Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), Levitra (vardenafil)
HIV drugs: Invirase (saquinavir)
Immunosuppressants that prevent your body from rejecting transplanted organs：Neoral和Sandimmune（均为环孢菌素）
Psychiatric medications: BuSpar (busprione), Zoloft (sertraline), and Tegretol (carbamazepine)
他汀类药物高胆固醇：Zocor（Simvastatin），Lipitor（Atorvastatin）和Mevacor（lovastatin）
Some chemotherapy agents:This includes medications used in prostate cancer and breast cancer.
不与葡萄柚互动的药物
Fortunately, not all drugs in these classes interact with grapefruit, so you may have other options if you want to keep consuming grapefruit. For example, several statins do not interact or interact minimally. These include Crestor (rosuvastatin) and Lescol (fluvastatin).
如果您服用Lipitor（Atorvastatin），则必须注意葡萄柚的消费，但您不必完全避免使用它。普拉茨博士说：“使用阿托伐他汀，大量的葡萄柚汁将引起相互作用。”“但是，偶尔会有一杯果汁，除了您的阿托伐他汀剂量外，被认为是安全的。”
Dr. Platz says that Cardizem CT (diltiazem) is one of the few blood pressure medications that does not interact with grapefruit or grapefruit juice. In addition, she says, several newer blood thinners (anticoagulants) are safe to take with either grapefruit and grapefruit juice. They are:
Eliquis (apixaban)
Lixiana (edoxaban)
Pradaxa (dabigatran)
Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
最终的谨慎：Rondon博士说，一些果汁混合物可能含有葡萄柚汁，因此请仔细阅读标签。例如，某些产品可能被标记为“柑橘混合物”。在购买或喝它之前，请检查标签以查看葡萄柚汁是否是其中一种成分。如果是这样，请避免使用与之相互作用的药物。和Lways通知您的医生和您的药剂师，以便他们可以检查葡萄柚产品与您正在服用的药物之间的任何潜在相互作用。
Grapefruit and Medications:FDA。(2021.) “Grapefruit Juice and Some Drugs Don't Mix.”https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/grapefruit-juice-juice-and-some-drugs-dont-mix
Grapefruit and Medications:哈佛医学院。(2021.) “Grapefruit and medication: A cautionary note.”https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/grapefruit-and-medication-a-cautionary-note
Grapefruit and Medications:American Academy of Family Physicians. (2022.) “How Grapefruit Interacts with Certain Drugs: Drug-Food Interactions.”https://familydoctor.org/drug-food-interactions-how-grapefruit-interacts-with-certain-drugs/
