Let’s Talk About the Signs and Symptoms of Heart Disease

也许你一直感觉异常疲劳或有点上气不接下气最近。或者说，也许有在你的胸部的偶有疼痛，当你躺下那个消失。也许你已经注意到你的腿和脚，或者你的心脏有时种族或次肿胀不正常。这些症状（及以上）可以指示某种形式的心脏疾病。我们将帮助您学会看出来的，而到症状再也不理。你的工作：谈谈你的医生，统计，关于您的问题，所以你可以筛选心脏疾病，这也许会挽救你的生命。

首先，究竟是什么心脏病？

心脏疾病是不是一种单一的疾病。相反，它是适用范围广，影响人体最重要的肌肉疾病的广义术语。（我们将提供他们所引发，只是一瞬间的主要类型和症状和体征的概述。）

It’s also the number-one killer of both men and women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), responsible for one American death every 37 seconds. Those are alarming stats, no doubt about it.

But if you heed your body’s warning signs and act in time, you have a solid chance of either stopping heart disease in its tracks or beating its worst effects altogether. That might mean upping your exercise quotient, chucking cigarettes, or making other lifestyle adjustments.

Why? Because the American Heart Association estimates that 8 out of 10 cases of heart disease can be prevented. That means your heart’s long-term health is often in your own hands.

不是每个人都可以通过使健康的选择，有时事情如年龄，生物学避免心脏疾病和遗传在其发展中发挥作用。不过，无论你的股票如何或为何需要注意，早期诊断是我们的目标：你越早接受治疗，更好的机会是很好的生活向前发展。这是什么使得如此认识非常重要的心脏疾病的症状和体征。

什么是心脏病体征和心脏病症状的区别？

这其实很简单：

• 一个症状是你觉得某事或经验，但不能客观测量之一。疲劳是一个很好的例子。你可能会觉得疲劳，由于一些类型的心脏疾病，但医生也不能观察或正式量化。

• Signs，在另一方面，可被测量。你的医生可以做一个血压读数，把你的心脏的图像，并测试你的血来揭示心脏疾病的迹象。

在某些情况下，你可能有心脏疾病，但没有症状的迹象。高血压（HBP）是一个很好的例子;它常常被称为“沉默的杀手”，因为它可能存在并伤害了你的心脏没有任何明显的物理线索。事实上，直到医生告诉他们，所以很多人都没有意识到自己有高血压。

什么是一些常见的症状和心脏病的症状是什么？

One thing to make clear from the start: Numerous heart disease symptoms are actually pretty vague, meaning they could be caused by any number of things other than heart disease. Which can make things tricky, or even lull you into thinking nothing serious is going on.

Take fatigue: In our go-go, 24-7 world, everyone’s feeling a little tired, right? And while some types of heart disease, such as heart failure, can make you feel extremely fatigued, being exhausted or rundown doesn’t automatically mean you have a heart disorder.

So how do you know when it’s nothing and when it’s something? Never write off persistent or unusual fatigue as nothing to worry about. We’re talking about feeling worn out after climbing a single flight of stairs, or trouble sleeping despite your exhaustion. Listen to your body, and if something does not feel normal or right, pay attention.

Ok, let’s get started. We’ll break down signs and symptoms by各类心脏疾病的。正如你所看到的，某些类型的心脏疾病的共享类似的症状。

高血压(HBP, or Hypertension)

你的心脏的泵血产生随节拍压力。这种压力迫使血液通过您的血管，你的身体的其余部分，然后再返回到你的心脏。这种压力会变得高于正常进行各种各样的原因，并且随着时间的推移升高的压力让你在冠状动脉疾病CAD，心脏发作，中风和心脏衰竭的风险。

所有的美国成年人中有一半具有HBP，根据疾病预防控制中心，这是近110万男性和女性。当你长大它变得越来越普遍，幸好治疗存在使其保持在正常范围内。

但不幸的是，HBP不产生任何症状，提醒你有一个问题。你可能不会了解你有高血压无需访问你的医生，在测量你的血压是几乎所有的任命标准的一部分。

Your doctor will use a device called a sphygmomanometer—you know, the one with the inflatable sleeve that wraps around your upper arm—to measure the pressure when your heart beats, known as your systolic BP, and the pressure between beats, or your diastolic BP.

You will see those two numbers written like this: 120/80. This reading is in the normal range. According to the CDC, you have high blood pressure if the top number is 130 or higher and the bottom number veers above 80 (and stays there). Your BP is considered "elevated," the first red flag that HBP is pending, with a systolic pressure as high as 129 (even if your diastolic pressure remains at 80 or below).

冠状动脉疾病（CAD）

这是心脏疾病的最常见的形式，当被称为斑块的脂肪物质已经建立了你的心脏动脉的墙壁上它发生。此匾限制的富含氧气的血液的正常流动。斑块也可以破裂，或掰开，从而引发血液凝块可能会完全阻止你的动脉，导致心脏发作的形成。

CAD的主要症状有：

• 一个ngina.这是the medical term for chest pain or other type of discomfort caused by CAD. You may feel a tightness or squeezing sensation in your chest. It can spread to other parts of your upper body, such as your arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, and back. Angina also may feel like indigestion. The pain or discomfort tends to be brief.

• Shortness of breath and fatigue.限制血流量限制的氧气你的心脏得到量（这种情况称为缺血），并且甚至可以做你的正常活动后离开你精疲力竭，气喘吁吁。

• Heart attack.Sometimes, the first symptom of CAD may be a heart attack. This occurs when you have what’s called silent ischemia, in which you don’t experience chest pain or other warning signs.

你的医生会在搜索使用下面的测试CAD迹象的深入挖掘：

• 心电图（EKG）：这种快速，无痛测试测量你的心脏的电活动，可以查明典型的CAD异常。

• Echocardiogram:这是产生声波来创建你的心脏的图像，帮助衡量其实力，以及它如何功能的超声波。

• Cardiac catheterization:在该侵入性手术，细管被插入腹股沟的血管和螺纹连接到你的心脏，在那里它可以检测堵塞。

心脏病发作

如果血液输送到心脏的流动被阻塞造成损害的，这是一个心脏发作。常出现从CAD破裂时斑块积聚并触发凝块形式。心脏发作可能是致命的，应立即治疗。If you’re feeling obvious or unsettling symptoms, don’t hesitate: Call 911 immediately.

Sometimes, heart attacks have no symptoms, and not everyone who has symptoms will experience the same ones, but here are the most common:

• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Indigestion
• 胃灼热
• 腹痛
• 疲劳
• 头晕和眩晕
• 吓出一身冷汗
• Jaw, shoulder, or arm pain

Chest pain is the most common symptom, but men are more likely to experience that pain than women. Women’s heart attack symptoms are more likely to include nausea and fatigue as well as vomiting.

一个心脏发作的可测量的症状包括异常电活动由EKG以及堵塞的存在，这可以通过心导管插入术来检测所揭示。医生还会抽血测试了一种叫做肌钙蛋白的蛋白质，其中心脏释放，只有当它被损坏。

Congestive Heart Failure

这是一种渐进性疾病，其中你的心脏变得越来越少，能够泵送充足的血液量，以满足身体的需要。它有几个标志性症状，其中有许多你一定会注意到：

• 运动耐受力。这开始于心脏衰竭的早期阶段。Because your heart can’t pump enough oxygen-rich blood to your body, it takes less physical exertion to wear you out than it would have previously, leaving you feeling weak and fatigued.(If you suddenly struggle walking up the stairs to your bedroom, for instance, you’ll want to check in with your doctor.) This can create a vicious circle: Do less exercise, and your heart weakens, which makes regular activities even more challenging.

• Shortness of breath.心脏衰竭常常导致液体积聚在肺部，这使得斗争呼吸，被称为呼吸困难条件。

• 持续性咳嗽。Breathing problems may be accompanied by a persistent cough or wheezing. You may cough up mucus tinged with blood.

• 肿胀的四肢。Heart failure leads to fluid buildup as your kidneys become less able to filter your blood. That commonly leads to swelling in your legs, ankles, and feet, but it also may occur in your abdomen, liver, and lower back. One noticeable sign: It becomes harder to put your shoes on.

• Sudden weight gain.一个s fluids build up in your body, your weight goes up as well. This can happen rapidly and dramatically. You may have weight gains of as much as five pounds in a day. If you’re already being treated for heart failure, call your doctor if you gain more than two pounds in a 24-hour period.

• Irregular heartbeat.Your heart may beat faster in an attempt to keep up with your body’s demands. Over time, heart failure can lead to a type of erratic heart beat called atrial fibrillation that ups your risk for blood clots.

• 混乱，注意力不集中，和受损的思考。当你的心脏不能泵出血液，以及它曾经，你的大脑得到你的身体的其余部分一起被剥夺。一定量的血液不足，可能会危及你的认知能力。

你的医生会寻找通过以下心脏疾病的征兆：

• 血液测试。这些揭示利钠肽的存在，激素在心脏发现，只有当你有心脏衰竭。

• 胸部X射线。这些让你的医生，看看你的心脏已经扩大，心脏衰竭的重要标志。它还将提供流体的画面在你的肺部。

• 心电图（EKG）。这是done to measure damage to your heart and to determine if it’s electrical circuits function properly.

• 超声心动图。测试使用声波产生你的心脏的照片，以便医生可以看到它的工作情况。

心律失常

有许多类型的异常心跳，如果良性他们中的一些麻烦，别人几乎检测不到，但可能是致命的。它们可以是过快，过慢或不稳定。最常见的类型是atrial fibrillation，一个潜在的致命性心律失常，可导致中风。心律失常并不总是有症状。即使你的心脏开始飘飘疯狂失控，你可能并不总是感觉到。

一个lso, the severity of your symptoms may not track with the seriousness of your arrhythmia. In other words, if you feel only mild symptoms, don’t assume you have a mild case. Here are the common symptoms:

• 心脏心悸。这是when you feel a pounding in your chest or your heart’s racing. Sometimes this is normal. After exercise, for example, or if you’ve had a sudden fright. But sudden, unexplained palpitations may indicate an arrhythmia. Arrhythmias may also cause your heart to feel like it has skipped a beat, or added an extra one between regular beats. Most of the time this type of arrhythmia is harmless, but you should be concerned if it happens frequently or cause you discomfort.

• 呼吸，疲劳，头晕，和胸痛。When your heart doesn’t beat like it should, it can’t keep up with the body’s demand for oxygen, leading to any or all of these symptoms.

• Fainting.心律失常可导致血压危险下降，这可能会导致你晕倒。这是一个医疗急救。

有很多方法你的医生可以检测心律失常的迹象。它们包括：

• 心电图（EKG）。与其他形式的心脏疾病，这种无痛，非侵入性的测试显示你的医生的任何电活动异常在您的心脏，包括心律失常。

• 动态心电图和事件记录。These are portable devices you wear throughout the day and night. They record your heart’s electrical activity over a few days or a few weeks. Why might you be asked to wear one? Your arrhythmia may not be active when your doctor examines you, so these devices will allow you to capture episodes that occur as you go about your daily routine. Holter monitors are always active and recording. Event recorders must be turned on when you begin to experience symptoms of your arrhythmia.

Stroke

当你的血液中的大脑供应被切断，你有什么所谓中风。大多数情况下，它是由开发在您的心脏，并传播到你的大脑，在那里阻断血液流动的血块引起的。脑细胞开始时，他们没有得到氧气的血液，通常提供给他们死亡。笔画可以迅速致命的，他们是长期的严重残疾的首要原因。

了解以下症状，马上寻求帮助，如果你发现它们：

• 言语不清
• 混乱
• Difficulty understanding what others are saying
• 瘫痪或麻木，这往往会影响你的身体只是一个侧面。你的脸，腿和胳膊通常受到影响。
• Blurred vision or blackening of your eyesight in one or both eyes, and/or double vision
• 突然和剧烈的头痛，可以通过呕吐伴随
• 头晕
• 平衡问题，使行走艰难

这里有一个快速备忘单，以帮助您识别中风在自己或别人。

快速思考。：

• 面部下垂
• 一个rm weakness
• Speech difficulty
• 时间拨打911

你的医生或医生在急诊室将寻找的迹象试图确定，如果您有中风时的上方。为了寻找明确的标志和诊断中风，你很可能会发生：

• 计算机断层摄影（CT）扫描。这提供了你的大脑的详细照片，以便医生能确定中风发生。
• 磁共振成像（MRI）。MRI检查提供了你的大脑的图像，让你的医生，以确定它是否已被中风破坏。
• Carotid ultrasound.这种利用声波来创建你的颈动脉的照片，其中供应血液到你的大脑。当斑块缩小，它们可以让你容易中风。
• 超声心动图。这个测试可以帮助确定行程，导致血块起源地。