让我们来谈谈心脏病

Nearly half of all American adults have some form of cardiovascular disease—an umbrella term that covers everything from high blood pressure to stroke. If you’ve been told you’re among them, you may be confused or even a little scared. That’s normal, and everyone featured on HealthCentral with a chronic condition felt just like you do now. But we—and they—are here for you. On this page alone, you’ll discover not only the realities and challenges of heart disease, but also the best treatments, helpful lifestyle changes, and critical information you need to help you not just manage—but thrive. We’re sure you’ve got a lot of questions. We’re here to answer them.

So, What Is Heart Disease, Anyway?

术语心脏疾病涵盖了huge达心血管领土。这是因为它不是一个单一的疾病，而是一个指的是各种心脏相关的疾病，其中许多慢性，这种影响有多好你的心脏功能。

Some of the more common forms of heart disease include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• 冠状动脉疾病（CAD）
• Heart attack
• 充血性心脏衰竭
• 心脏瓣膜病
• 心房纤维性颤动和其它心律失常（不规则的心跳）
• 中风

心脏疾病占更多的死亡，每年比其他任何健康问题。根据该中心疾病控制和预防中心（CDC），有近65万人死于心脏疾病每年。这是关于一人死亡每37秒，一个令人震惊的数字，以确保万无一失。和心脏疾病不一视同仁，不管你是一个人或任何种族或民族的女人，心脑血管疾病是你的头号健康威胁。

好消息？You can do a lot to prevent heart disease。And, if you already have some form of this condition, there are medications, lifestyle-management tips, and other strategies to help protect you and your ticker.

如何是心应该发挥作用？

Before diving into what can go wrong, let’s take a step-by-step look at the heart, what it does, and how it works:

1. 一个超大的工作一磅，拳头大小的肌肉，心脏是负责血液整个身体的不间断循环。
2. 那血液通过你的动脉，静脉和毛细血管形成的血管。（有趣的事实：根据克利夫兰诊所，你大概有60000英里血管在你的身体。）
3. As it flows out from your heart through the arteries in your circulatory system, blood provides oxygen and other essential nutrients to all the cells in your body.
4. 一旦它通过你的血管到心脏做了它的交付，血液返回，丢弃沿途毒素（通过肾脏）。
5. 一旦在心脏后面，沿着血液到肺部，在那里部署的二氧化碳，并通过你的身体循环再次前重新进货的氧的供给流动。

请问你的股票让这一切发生？对于初学者，在心脏是由四个腔室达：

• 在底部是剩下和对ventricles。
• On top are the对和左心房。

那些室协同工作，采用的阀门，一个系统打开和关闭为你心脏跳动，以便使血液in和pump blood出。请记住，心脏是肌肉，而当它是健康的，这是相当强烈的。作为泵，它提供了足够的压力，使得每60秒通过你的身体整个血液供应周期。

更多心脏的智慧：

• 一个健康的成年人的心脏会跳动从任何地方每分钟60〜100次而周围闲逛。如果你很适合，运动员，例如，你的心脏更有效地工作，你的休息心脏率可能接近每分钟40次。

• 就像身体的其他部位，心脏需要以蓬勃发展的血液。事实上，它需要的血液比身体任何其他肌肉更大的供应，所以它依靠自身的冠状动脉的网络上提供血液。

• 电力大国的心脏跳动，并设置它的步伐。这是一个关键的功能。你需要你的心脏，以便有足够的血液和氧气供应你的身体正常跳动。随节拍，和这些节拍的时间你的心脏收缩时必须保持精确，使这些收缩保持同步。

• These electrical signals originate in your heart’s right atrium and are controlled by your central autonomic nervous system, telling your heart how fast or slow it should beat. When you exercise, your nervous system signals your heart to speed up in order to pump more blood. Other factors—not all of them healthy, like smoking and over-indulging in alcohol—can also affect your heart rate.

Your heart functions in incredibly complex ways—this is just a thumbnail sketch. Needless to say, there are also a great number of ways in which things can go wrong that can lead to heart disease.

什么是心脏病的类型？

请问你的身体告诉你，有些事情在困扰着你的心脏？这取决于故障类型。虽然有些疾病会影响心脏有着相似的症状，有的相差很大。和某些类型的心脏疾病有根本没有症状。

让我们回顾一下一些主要类型的心脏疾病和如何识别它们的：

Hypertension

有血压高（HBD），又称高血压 - 这没有任何症状起坐你患上许多其他类型的心脏疾病，包括冠心病的几率。这是你的动脉降低血液到达你的心脏，让你在为心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险较高量斑块集结的结果。HBP变硬变厚你的动脉，血流量减少。如果你有130或更高的收缩压，或80或更高的舒张压，这是至关重要的，以减少它。

冠状动脉疾病（CAD）

心脏的两个主要动脉文胸nch off from the aorta, the artery that sends blood to the rest of the body. These two arteries, in turn, branch off into smaller and smaller arteries that supply the heart with blood. CAD, the most common type of heart disease, develops when your arteries can’t provide enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart. The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries.

Often, CAD is caused by plaque buildups that restrict or block the flow of blood through your blood vessels. CAD often develops over many years, even decades, and it does not always make itself known until it has progressed significantly and you’re closing in on a heart attack. At that stage, the affected blood vessel is about 70% blocked. Even people who have plaque blockages in the 40% to 50% range may have no symptoms. But when they do occur, they're typically:

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• Shortness of breath

一个不太常见的，但相关的，所谓的条件coronary microvascular disease (MVD)要么small vessel disease当心脏的小动脉壁的损坏发生。，医生发现很少或没有缩小在你的心脏的主要动脉，尽管你有症状提示心脏疾病，如心绞痛后，人们常常诊断。MVD is more common in women and in people who have diabetes or HBP。The condition can be difficult to detect. Other symptoms of MVD include pain in your left arm, neck, jaw, abdomen, or back; pronounced fatigue; and shortness of breath.

心脏病发作

会发生心脏攻击的时候斑块在血管破裂，引起血栓形成的身体试图修复损坏。这种阻塞切断血液流向心脏，饥饿所需的氧气和其他营养物质的肌肉。

对于男人来说，这往往突然发生;女性的症状更趋于平缓。虽然胸痛是心脏发作的男性和女性最常见的症状，其症状可能是不同的。例如，女性比男性更容易有气短，乏力，恶心和气急。男性通常遇到破碎胸痛的典型症状。男性也比女性更可能有心脏突然发作;妇女在另一方面，有症状的发展可能性较高历时数小时，数天，甚至数周。

Either way, common症状of heart attack include:

• 心绞痛,辐射chest pain and pressure that can feel as if an elephant is sitting on your chest

• Shortness of breath

• Nausea

• 消化不良

• 胃灼热

• 腹痛

• 疲劳

• 头晕和眩晕

• Cold sweats

充血性心力衰竭

当你的股票的泵血能力开始下降，就会出现此疾病进展。CAD，心脏发作，糖尿病，肥胖症和高血压是心脏衰竭，所以它不会在一夜之间发生的常见原因之一。当你的心脏再也泵以及它使用的，通常会通过它的周期可能会得到备份的血液。你的肾脏过滤也血少，导致液体潴留在你的四肢肿胀。

几种不同的症状可加重心脏衰竭进展。一些最常见的：

• Shortness of breath due to an inadequate supply of blood reaching the rest of your body or a buildup of fluid in the lungs, often accompanied by a cough or wheezing
• 肿胀你的腿，脚踝和腹部造成积水，并伴有体重迅速增加。
• Extreme fatigue due to the reduced amount of oxygen-rich blood being delivered to your organs and muscles
• Loss of appetite and nausea because of digestive problems caused by the reduced flow of blood
• 增加心脏率

Heart Valve Disease

正如它的名字所暗示的，心脏瓣膜疾病涉及的四个阀门的系统，可以帮助调节血液在心脏流动。例如，你的阀门之一可能缩小到一定程度的血液量减少可以通过它。这就是所谓的瓣狭窄。

当你的心脏的阀门之一停止正常工作，各种症状，其中许多类似的心脏衰竭，可能会出现，其中包括：

• 胸部不适
• Heart palpitations
• 增加气短
• 肿胀在你的腹部，踝关节和脚
• 疲劳
• 弱点
• 眩晕和/或晕厥
• Rapid weight gain

心律失常

心跳异常，称为心律失常，可引起各种症状，有些是良性的，一些危险的，这取决于一种心律失常你有哪些。心动过速，例如，加速你的心跳到过于快节奏的，而心动过缓减缓下来。双方有时是危险的，导致中风和其他并发症的风险较高，但并非总是如此。如果您遇到任何心律失常的类型，一定要与你的医生咨询。

心房颤动is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia, with anywhere between 2.7 and 6.1 million Americans currently sharing a diagnosis of it. (As the U.S. population ages, that number is expected to increase, reports the CDC.) A-fib, as it’s often called, causes your heart to beat erratically—it can feel like it is skipping beats—rather than rhythmically. In some cases, abnormal heartbeats are not a cause of concern, but other times they can lead to stroke, heart failure, or even cardiac arrest, a quickly fatal event in which the heart stops beating. It’s important to get to the root of A-fib, so you know whether or not your symptoms require treatment.

在一般情况下，心跳异常也导致其他形式的心脏疾病，包括许多共同的症状：

• Shortness of breath
• 胸部不适
• 疲劳
• 弱点
• 头晕和胸闷

中风

当你的心脏的血液供应被切断，否认它需要保持工作中的氧发生中风。这可能会导致脑组织开始在几分钟内死亡。中风是在美国死亡的第五大原因，占一出来，每年发生在这个国家每20人死亡，这是严重的长期残疾的主要原因，根据CDC。

A stroke can greatly affect the brain. You may have trouble understanding what others are saying, you may slur your speech, and you may experience confusion.

Other symptoms include:

• 瘫痪或麻木，经常对你的身体只有一面，通常影响面部，胳膊和腿
• 视力问题，可能会模糊或玷污你的视力在一只或两只眼睛，和/或复视
• 突然和剧烈的头痛，可以通过呕吐伴随
• Dizziness
• 平衡问题，使人们走路困难

如果您遇到中风症状或承认他们在其他国家，想F.A.S.T：

• 面部下垂
• Arm weakness
• 言语困难
• 时间拨打911

There are两种主要类型的中风加上第三个，不太严重的类型：

• 缺血性中风：These account for nearly 90% of strokes, and they happen when a blood vessel in your brain becomes blocked by a clot. These clots can develop in the brain, known as a血栓性中风或者他们可以导致导致CAD和旅行从心脏到大脑中的相同牌匾。这就是所谓的embolic stroke。
• 出血性中风：最严重的中风类型，它在血管供应大脑突然发生爆裂。这不仅切断急需的氧气，它还会造成压力在周围组织建立，导致有害的肿胀和发炎。出血可大脑，这就是所谓的内部发生intracerebral hemorrhage，或者它可以在大脑和它周围的膜之间的空间发生。这就是所谓的subarachnoid hemorrhage。
• 短暂性脑缺血中风：也被称为mini-stroke这些引起中风症状，但不损害大脑。他们是暂时的，持续短短的五分钟。然而，他们是一个警告标志，一个全面的行程是在你的未来。

是什么原因导致心脏病？

让我们回到好消息：关于可以预防五分之四的心脏疾病五个一箱。因为它是由生活方式因素，如吸烟，不良饮食习惯最常引起的的，缺乏锻炼，并可能出现其他健康状况，包括糖尿病和高血压（HBP），可以从这些选择产生。虽然这是永远不会太晚做出积极的，健康的变化，你开始越早，效果越好。

患心脏病的风险因素

Before getting into the risk factors that you can work to reduce, let’s cover the few that you can’t do anything about.

• 年龄

  This one’s pretty simple. The older you get, the likelier you are to develop heart disease. In fact, more than 80% people who die from heart disease are older than 65, because the heart tends to grow weaker as you move into your golden years.

• 性别

  虽然心脏疾病可能是死亡男性和女性人数的原因，它往往会在以后的妇女发展。为什么？专家认为，激素如雌激素，这些妇女在更大的丰度高于男性，可以提供对心脏疾病一些保护。然而，这些激素在更年期下降。65岁时，心脏疾病的一个女人的赔率匹配那些年龄相仿的男子。

• 遗传和家族史

  这是真的:心脏病往往famil运行y. Did your dad develop heart disease before the age of 55 or your mom before she turned 65? If so, your own risk is higher than normal because one or both of your parents may have passed along a genetic ingredient in the recipe for heart disease.

• 更年期提前

  According to a 2019 study inThe Lancet Public Health通过“变”去之前，谁经历更年期提前的女性的大约10％之间的心脏疾病，如CAD，心脏衰竭，心律不齐的40岁的风险增加，和心脏瓣膜病。目前还不清楚为什么，但在雌激素的下降可能是一个因素。

这四个因素只占心脏疾病的可能原因复杂漩涡的一部分。你不能改变你的基因和年龄，但不要绝望。相反，利用这些知识为动力address the risks youcan更改。这些包括：

• 血压高（HBP）

  我有高血压,又名高血压,s a red flag for other forms of heart disease, increasing your risk for CAD, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP results from plaque buildups in your arteries, thickening them and reducing blood flow.

• High Cholesterol

  不健康的胆固醇水平有助于你的血管阻塞，最终可导致心脏发作。你的身体产生胆固醇自然，我们都需要它来做出重要的激素和吸收的维生素d，但它很容易得到比你更需要通过吃食物中的饱和脂肪和反式高（如红肉，蛋类和奶制品）。有两种类型的胆固醇：低密度脂蛋白（LDL或“坏”胆固醇）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL或“好”胆固醇）。LDL有助于你的动脉斑块集结。HDL在运送过剩LDL要处理废物肝脏防止心脏疾病。

• Obesity

  你的心脏肥胖的力量更加努力地工作，因为你的身体需要更多的氧气和营养，你的血液供应。这导致血压高。多余的体重也增加了风险的心脏疾病，或使事情变得更糟，如果你已经有了他们，包括高胆固醇和2型糖尿病。肥胖已被证实与心脏衰竭和CAD。

• 糖尿病

  Type 1和2型糖尿病既限制了你的身体，以保持血糖的健康水平，糖，你的身体产生和能源利用形式的能力。不受控制的血糖损害你的血管和控制你的心脏，最终导致心脏疾病的神经。事实上，多达四分之三的糖尿病人从某种形式的心脏疾病而死亡。

• 体力活动

  The couch potato life not only directly puts you at higher risk of heart disease, it opens the door to other risk factors like HBP, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes.

• Smoking or Vaping

  照亮了确实比伤害你的肺更多。它加速你的心跳，同时缩小你的血管并促进血液凝块，可导致心脏发作或中风的形成。很少有人知道关于vaping的风险，但许多化学物质的介入已与心脏疾病。

• 强调

  压力和紧张可以提高你的心脏速率和血压和太多的最终损害你的血管。压力也可能会导致一些人酗酒和暴饮暴食，以及烟雾。（而且，请记住，任何amount of smoking or vaping is too much.)

• 饮酒

  太多的酒精也可能会损害你的心脏。过量饮酒UPS你的血压和心脏率以及你的甘油三酯，与心脏疾病，因为它们可能有助于强化和你的动脉增厚一种类型的脂肪。

• Sleep Apnea

  这种睡眠障碍会导致呼吸困难，你睡觉，减少氧气的量，你的血液，并提高你的血压。总之，这些可以削弱你的心脏，把你的风险增加慢性高血压，动脉粥样硬化，心律失常和心脏衰竭。

怎么做医生诊断心脏病？

Before we get into how your doctor will determine whether you have heart disease, let’s make one thing very clear: Diagnosis is your doctor’s job. If you have heart attack symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, don’t waste time searching the internet to figure out the problem. Call 911 immediately. How fast you act just might save your life.

然而，心脏骤停是许多潜在的严重心脏的担忧只是一个。诊断心脏疾病涉及范围筛选试验，有时，跟踪设备，太。你的医生会问你关于你的症状，你的健康史，你可能有任何的危险因素。他或她也会给你体检为了听你的心脏，检查它的节奏和脉搏的时间，寻找因手，脚，腿积水肿胀，伴随体重增加的迹象，或腹部-一个心脏衰竭或心脏瓣膜疾病的可能的指示。

您可以接受各种血液测试来衡量你的：

• 胆固醇水平，这包括你的总胆固醇，低密度脂蛋白，高密度脂蛋白和非高密度脂蛋白，你的总胆固醇减去高密度脂蛋白，其中有许多专家认为是比好到坏胆固醇的比例心脏疾病的风险一个更好的指标。
• 甘油三酯，一个类型的脂肪在血液中发现;高“三”的水平信号心脏疾病。
• High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,which is an indication of inflammation somewhere in the body (not necessarily the heart). High levels may suggest that a chronic inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus) is present, which could also increase your risk for heart disease and stroke.
• 等离子神经酰胺，或脂肪分子，整个身体中蓄积炎症，高胆固醇和甘油三酯，以及其他心脏疾病风险的结果。他们散发在你的血液，并已与斑块集结。
• Natriuretic peptides,which are proteins produced in your heart and blood vessels; high levels indicate heart failure.
• 肌钙蛋白T，这是由心脏释放的蛋白质时，它的伤害，如心脏发作后;它可以确认一个确实已经发生或正在发生的，尤其是当你有胸痛，但没有其他心脏发作的症状。（肌钙蛋白水平也可以进行测试，以帮助诊断其他类型的心脏疾病，如心脏衰竭。）

In addition to the above measurements, you could be given non-invasive diagnostic tests or tools to montior your heart rhythms. They include:

• 胸部X线检查，它提供了心脏和肺的视图，允许医生以识别心脏衰竭，的迹象，如在肺流体或心脏扩大
• 计算机辅助断层扫描（CAT），which create 3D images of your heart, helping your doctor spot coronary artery disease (CAD), heart valve problems, and other heart problems
• 磁共振成像（MRI），which provides 2D and 3D images of your heart and blood vessels that may reveal tissue damage caused by a heart attack, reduced blood flow, blocked arteries, heart failure, and more
• 心电图（EKG），which is a routine, non-invasive and painless screening that measures the electrical signals produced with each heartbeat; it's used to detect irregularities in the strength and timing of those signals to help identify heart attacks, arrhythmia, heart failure, and other types of heart problems.
• 动态心电图要么event recorders,如果你的心电图过程中不发生心律失常的或不规则的心脏活动，其使用，和你的医生希望，而你去你的日常生活中来监视你的心脏活动。Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• 植入式循环记录仪，which are used if you have infrequent symptoms of arrhythmia, and your doctor is trying to capture what type of arrhythmia you have. This device is implanted just under the skin on your chest, enabling your doctor to record your heart’s rhythms whenever you experience symptoms—even in the middle of the night or when you’re in the shower. Your cardiologist will track your heart’s activities for up to three years, with the chip recording a continual log for your doctor to review. When the device is removed, it may leave a slight scar—but you’ll likely know exactly what kind of arrhythmia you’re dealing with, and how it should be treated.
• 一个运动负荷试验，这是考虑当你迷上了心脏监护器，和一个标准的心脏检查过程中完成的。为了做一个，你跑步机上行走，逐步增加你的步伐和倾斜，直到感觉就像你走了一个小山丘。这使你的心脏更加努力地工作。你的医生会监测你的血压，心脏率，和你任何不适的感觉，以确定冠状动脉疾病的迹象。
• 超声心动图，which is an ultrasound of the heart that works by bouncing sound waves off various parts of your heart. It is a painless test without side effects or the use of radiation. Your doctor will place a wand-like device on your chest. The sound waves it emits will bounce off your heart are recorded and converted into a detailed picture of your ticker that will help your doctor identify any problems, such as malfunctioning valves or signs of infection.
• 颈动脉和腹部超声，这是用来评估你中风的危险，或者屏幕腹主动脉瘤，分别和它们都利用声波，太。在这个安全，无痛，非侵入性的测试，凝胶是蔓延在你的脖子，你的颈动脉，可以发现，或者你的腹部。的器械穿过凝胶，然后反弹，形成身体的被检查部分的图像发送声波。

您可能会被给予更多的侵入性诊断测试，也对屏幕心脏疾病。它们包括：

• Cardiac catheterization,其用于诊断CAD的黄金标准。在此过程中，你会清醒，你可能会感到一些压力，但不痛。你的医生将之前收到局部麻醉管，或护套，进入血管，导致你的心脏。接下来，导管，插入管，前往你的心脏。它提供了一个特殊的染料显示出来的X光片可以让你的医生，以评估血流。导管的尖端可以用来衡量你的每一个心脏的腔，以及在血管连接到你的心脏的压力。它也可以帮助诊断阀门问题，并确定心脏缺陷。
• 冠状动脉造影，which is performed at the same time as cardiac catheterization. A special dye gets injected into your coronary arteries via a catheter. That dye, which can be viewed on an x-ray, shows your doctor where, exactly, your arteries are blocked.
• 电（EP）的研究，通过插入电极导管插入血管（通常在腹股沟），导致你的心脏为了记录你的心脏的电活动和/或触发心律不齐识别电流的具体途径来完成。所谓的过程ablation—where rogue electrical pathways are sealed to prevent certain types of arrhythmia from occurring—can be done during an EP study.

How Is Heart Disease Treated?

有没有治愈心脏疾病。这就是说，有很多你can这样做尽管有它很好地生活。治疗心脏疾病可以包括生活方式的改变，药物治疗，有时手术，但这种条件或条件，而-从来都不是一个一刀切。您个人的计划将根据许多因素，如您的年龄，整体健康状况，以及其他慢性疾病（如糖尿病或肾脏疾病），你可能有。

生活方式的变迁对心脏病

You know the drill: Eat better, exercise, lose weight, and quit smoking. We know—easier said than done, but so worth it. That’s because the everyday choices you make today can halt the progression of heart disease tomorrow—leading to a healthier and likely longer life.

让我们通过基本的生活方式的选择，你可以实现，以帮助发生：

• Lower your cholesterol.切回，并避免斑块积聚通过交换红肉贫家禽和鱼类，消耗纤维蔬菜和谷物，和限制（或甚至完全避免）的饱和的和在油炸和加工食品中发现的反式脂肪。另外的方式来获得在检查你的胆固醇？失去了几磅，多锻炼，如果仍然是不够的，跟你的医生有关药物。

• 降低你的血压。同样的生活方式的改变，这有助于降低胆固醇不健康水平，也有助于与各种降血压药物提供一个管理你的血压，经常在串联。

• 尽你所能做到戒烟。我们知道，这真的很难。但是我们also知道吸烟会引起肺癌，严重伤害了你的心脏。此外，危险血块的尼古丁或vaping习惯损害你的动脉，UPS你的风险，提高你的心脏率，并有助于高血压和高胆固醇。因此，请戒烟你的首要任务。去一些冷火鸡的作品，而另一些则慢慢断奶本身从尼古丁贴片和其它助剂，包括药物治疗和支持团体的帮助下点亮。你的医生可以指导您完成您的选择，所以尽快有一个谈话。访问美国心脏协会更多地了解如何戒烟。

• Get moving.几乎任何形式的体育锻炼摔打沙发土豆的生活。这是因为锻炼增强你的心脏肌肉，以便它可以更有效地完成其工作。它可以帮助降低胆固醇，血压，并且，如果你有糖尿病，血糖水平了。一个额外的好处？流汗导致一个苗条，钳工你。究竟多少可以锻炼做取决于你目前的健康状况。谈谈你的医生，谁可能会建议你开始缓慢，逐步建立耐力。如果周围街区散步是你的极限，这是确定，系带鞋子，走了。明天，你可能会走得更远。如果你有严重的心脏问题中恢复，心脏康复计划可以让你安全启动。

• 少吃，更好地吃。改变你的股票怎么你的冰箱和厨房是经常连接到降低胆固醇水平，因此遵循同样的忠告：尽量高纤维食物，瘦肉蛋白，蔬菜和粗粮，并跳过过度加工的垃圾食品和油炸食物。如果您需要指导，争取考虑注册营养师/营养师勾勒出一个健康的饮食计划为您和提供战略，坚持你的计划，以达到自己的目标。

• 减肥。It can’t be overstated: Being overweight or obese is hard on your heart. Your body mass index (BMI) measures body fat based on your weight in relation to your height. A BMI of 25 to 29 is considered overweight. You are considered obese if your BMI is 30 or higher. While use of BMI has been questioned by researchers as of late, partly because even the super-fit and muscle-bound may technically have “unhealthy” BMI numbers, some doctors still use it as a guide. More and more, however, physicians are concerned when excess body fat is concentrated around your waist, likely because a lot of belly fat can cause chronic inflammation, a risk factor for heart disease. The result? Your blood pressure and cholesterol go up and stay up—and you want neither to happen.

  If your heart health is at risk, and you find losing weight slowly and safely to be an impossible task, consider securing the services of a registered dietician, or ask your doctor if gastric bypass surgery is right for you.

• 控制糖尿病。糖尿病和心脏疾病是一个致命的组合。患有糖尿病的人有心脏疾病死亡的人比没有这个条件的多达四倍的风险。这部分是由于影响糖尿病对你的血管，同时也因为许多其他健康状况往往伴随糖尿病，包括高血压，高胆固醇和肥胖。通过药物治疗和生活方式的改变控制你的糖尿病有利于你的心脏。

• Consider medications心脏疾病，如果你需要他们。许多药物治疗冠状动脉疾病，或CAD。（请记住，当你的动脉变得与斑块堵塞，限制血液的流动发生CAD。）下面是更常用的处方类药物对CAD和其他心脏疾病的：

  • 降胆固醇药物，像他汀类药物，降低你的血液斑块的形成材料的用量。
  • 抗凝血剂（又名血液稀释剂）帮助防止危险的血块在你的动脉，在那里他们会阻止血液流动的形成。
  • 抗血小板,包括阿司匹林，也有助于防止血栓的形成。
  • Beta blockers既降低血压，降低你的心脏速率。这，反过来，会导致你的心脏的需要氧气下降。
  • Calcium channel blockers经常使用串联β受体阻滞剂。他们降低血压和心脏率，同时为了放松动脉刺激血液流向心脏。
  • Nitroglycerineases chest pain, or angina, caused by restricted blood flow to the heart. It works by allowing more oxygen-rich blood into your heart.
  • ACE抑制剂降低血压，减轻心脏负荷，这有助于防止心脏的进一步弱化。

Heart failure as well as heart valve disease are both treated with some of the same medications, such as diuretics, which help rid your body of excess fluids. In heart failure, for example, fluid can build up in your lungs and make it difficult to breathe. You may also be prescribed digitalis, a type of drug that strengthens the contractions of your heart and lowers your heart rate. Beta blockers and anti-clotting medications are also among the drugs that may be used to treat both conditions.

Surgery for Heart Disease

当心脏疾病，需要更积极的治疗，其中也存在着广泛的手术方案：

• Angioplasty被执行以减轻动脉阻塞内胸痛和增加血流。通过你的血管的地步堵塞找到你的医生边线长，细管。接着，放气的气囊被引导到堵塞的点，并且是简要地充气到加宽通道。与此同时，你可能有一个网状支架永久放置在堵塞的部位，以保持它打开。
• Coronary artery bypassgrafting is done to re-route the flow of blood. Your surgeon will take a healthy blood vessel from your chest, leg, or arm, and connect it to a point beyond the blockage, allowing it to bypass the blockage in your artery.
• 激光心肌血运重建is a treatment for angina that involves using a laser to make channels in the heart muscle and left ventricle in order to let more oxygen-rich blood into the heart. It’s not well-understood why this procedure eases chest pain. And, according to the American College of Cardiology, its safety concerns often outweigh the potential benefits of the procedure.
• 心脏瓣膜修复或更换当心脏瓣膜不再正常工作就完成了。该阀可通过外科手术来修复或用合成或生物瓣膜替换。后者可以从猪，牛或人心脏组织制成，并且可以包括合成部件，以及。导管也可用于运作不良的阀门。
• 心律失常植入物，如心脏起搏器或植入式心律转复除颤（ICD）植入药物时没有充分恢复心脏的正常节律。无论是在时间恢复心脏的适当节奏时，你的心跳变得危险不规则。
• Surgical placement of a ventricular assist device是涉及植入机械，电池供电设备，帮助一个或两个心室的时候，他们可以不再做了充分的工作因心脏衰竭的过程。通常情况下，他们在心脏移植前的时期植入。
• 心脏移殖在心脏疾病的最后阶段完成后，从谁最近死了供体心脏健康更换您患病的心脏。

什么是生命一样有心脏病？

您已收到您的心脏疾病诊断，和你的医生提出你的治疗计划。下一步是什么？阁下将获得多少旧的生活能找回？与心脏疾病生活也面临挑战，一些物理，一些情绪，一些大，一些小。你的目标：照顾所有你和你的生活最好的生活。

你的情感生活

如果你做得还不够好情绪，可能会与所有的治疗，其他方面的斗争从右饮食和锻炼来把你的药物。通常情况下，抑郁症是罪魁祸首。事实上，大约五分之一的心脏疾病的患者出现严重的抑郁症，而许多人有温和的情况下。研究是为什么这是混合，但也有一些科学家认为炎症是参与。幸运的是，心理咨询和药物治疗可以帮助。谈谈你的医生，如果你感到沮丧，无心，或鼓励使用超过一个星期。

你的压力水平

Heart disease can feel scary. But those worries can overwhelm you and interfere with enjoying your life. If you struggle with anxiety, try to shift your focus to what’s happening today rather than looking with worry at the future. Talk about your concerns with friends and family and ask them for support. And consider joining a support group to connect with others who face the same struggles that you do. Join the美国心脏协会's Support Network。

你的活动水平

经常运动和其他体力活动帮助你的心脏。150分钟的运动最小不仅会提高你的心脏功能。它也可以使你停止服用一些你的心脏药物。但首先，请医生什么运动是适合你的。

你的工作生活

If you’re recovering from a heart attack or surgery, it may be a few weeks before you can return to your job, but you’ll likely be able to pick up right where you left off. Of course, it depends on the job—if your current one puts too much strain on your heart—physical and, perhaps mental, in the form of stress--you may have to dial back your workload. The Americans with Disabilities Act, a federal law, offers工作场所的保护for people with heart disease.

Your Sex Life

You may have to wait up to six weeks before you resume your sex life—and only your doctor can tell you when you can safely return to romance. How long abstinence lasts will depend on your symptoms, like lingering chest pain or other complications. To get the all-clear, you may have to undergo an exercise stress test to measure your heart’s capacity to handle any under-the-sheets action.

Return to the Road

在你爬上方向盘后面，检查你的国家的法规一场大病后驾驶。另外，如果你有一个像胸痛症状，不开车，直到他们清理。

获得帮助，如果你需要它

You can kickstart your new life withcardiac rehabilitation。这是一个医疗监督的程序通常持续三个月。有医生，护士，运动专家，营养师和心理健康辅导员工作，您将收到的运动训练，健康饮食的经验教训，方法减轻压力，和其他教育，旨在帮助您降低加重心脏健康的风险。

记住，你和超过1.21亿的其他美国人正面临某种类型的心脏疾病在一起，所以你不是，也永远不会单独在此。我们已经得到了你。

在哪里可以找到我的心脏病社区？

随着受某种心血管疾病的美国人口的一半，有一两件事是肯定的，你并不孤单。而且我们已经得到了你的心脏社区覆盖，无论你的心情播客，以帮助您更好地了解新的（必要的）生活方式的改变是;这一直是有一个支持小组，住着的是，并希望前锋支付指导;或组织谁也不会只支持你的研究也将邀请你到一个有趣的运行。

Top Heart Disease Instagrammers：

•Steven Burns, @that_heart_guy：With seven open-heart surgeries under his belt, he knows a thing or two about living the life of someone who takes every day to heart (pun intended). The best thing about his feed, aside from his grace and guidance, are the heart warriors he features on the regular. It’s a feel-good inspiring feed if there ever was one.

•明星琼斯，@starjonesesq：你认识她，她在餐桌上粲然一笑，她的座位风景—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

•Alin Gragossian, @a_change_of_heart_blog, achangeofhe.art/blog：Picture this: A completely healthy 30-year-old physician who never had any health issues other than a bout with appendicitis. How on earth, then, did she become a heart transplant patient overnight? Her personal experience, mixed with her professional POV, makes her feed and blog endlessly fascinating—and don’t worry, she tells you every single bit of her story.

顶级心脏病相关的播客：

•爱你的心：一个克利夫兰诊所播客：您的很多QS，由专家解答。必威体育betway787专家热门话题，饮食和公共卫生恐慌讨论。所有的事情心脏，所有的时间，从，是的，赞助专家at the Cleveland Clinic, presented in layman’s terms.

•Cholesterol Podcasts from The American Heart Association (AHA): By now you should know that a huge factor in heart disease is the health of your heart, your diet, and your cholesterol. The AHA gives tips on how to better manage your LDLs and HDLs through these informative podcasts.

•植物证明 - 植物为基础的营养与励志故事：由西蒙·希尔，营养师，物理治疗师主持，并在植物为基础的营养（这是一个事）认证，在一个本播客珩磨最大的生活方式的改变，你将被迫作出，如果你有心脏疾病：饮食。发作特点的饮食方法，谁曾试图它们，并指导如何在行动上让人们。

Top Heart Disease Nonprofits：

•美国心脏协会：他们让两次出场在这个阵容，并有很好的理由。果酸是心脏健康指导蜜蜂的膝盖。他们不仅有无尽的资源，帮助您与心脏疾病导航生活，但他们也有动手人手毫不夸张地引导您完成它。托管当地的活动很有趣运行（或行走），加上晚会在全国范围内，你将永远不会孤单，只要你是这个非营利的一部分感觉。

•女人心：In the U.S., one in four women die from heart disease, so it’s only fitting there’s a nonprofit completely dedicated to women battling it. They will make you feel empowered and in control of your own health, while connecting you with women—a sisterhood—who will navigate this new reality with you.

•心脏基金会：The power behind this foundation is overwhelmingly heartfelt—it was started in memory of a healthy 35-year-old husband and father who suffered a massive heart attack on the basketball court. Today, this foundation fuels research under the direction of world-renowned cardiologist Dr. P.K. Shah, in the quest to find more effective ways to prevent these sudden tragedies.