让我们来谈谈心脏病

将近一半的美国成年人有某种形式的心血管疾病的总称，涵盖了从高血压中风。如果你已经告诉你其中的，你可能会混淆，甚至有点害怕。这是正常的，每个人都特色在HealthCentral有一种慢性疾病，感觉就像你现在要做的。但是，我们和他们，在这里为您服务。单就这个页面，你会发现不仅是你需要帮助你不只是管理，但蓬勃发展的现实和心脏疾病的挑战，但也是最好的治疗方法，乐于助人的生活方式的改变，以及关键信息。我们相信你已经得到了很多的问题。我们在这里为大家解答。

那么，什么是心脏病，无论如何？

术语心脏疾病涵盖了巨大amount of cardiovascular territory. That’s because it’s not a single disease but one that refers to all sorts of heart-related health conditions, many of them chronic, that impact how well your heart functions.

Some of the more common forms of heart disease include:

• 高血压（血压高）
• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• 心脏病发作
• Congestive heart failure
• 心脏瓣膜病
• 心房纤维性颤动和其它心律失常（不规则的心跳）
• 中风

心脏疾病占更多的死亡，每年比其他任何健康问题。根据该中心疾病控制和预防中心（CDC），有近65万人死于心脏疾病每年。这是关于一人死亡每37秒，一个令人震惊的数字，以确保万无一失。和心脏疾病不一视同仁，不管你是一个人或任何种族或民族的女人，心脑血管疾病是你的头号健康威胁。

The good news?你可以做很多事情来预防心脏疾病。而且，如果你已经有了某种形式的这种情况，有药物治疗，生活方式，管理技巧，并帮助保护您和您的股票等战略。

How Is the Heart Supposed to Function?

潜水到可能出现的错误之前，让我们一步一步看看心脏，它做什么，以及它是如何工作的：

1. A one-pound, fist-sized muscle with an oversized job, the heart is responsible for the nonstop circulation of blood throughout your body.
2. That blood passes through your arteries, veins, and capillaries that form your blood vessels. (Fun fact: According to the Cleveland Clinic, you have approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels in your body.)
3. 当它从你的心脏通过你的血液循环系统的动脉流出，血液提供氧气和其他必需的营养素在人体的所有细胞。
4. Once it’s made its deliveries, blood returns via your veins to the heart, discarding toxins (via the kidneys) along the way.
5. Once back in the heart, the blood flows along to the lungs, where it disposes of carbon dioxide and restocks its supply of oxygen before cycling through your body once more.

请问你的股票让这一切发生？对于初学者，在心脏是由四个腔室达：

• On the bottom are the剩下and右心室。
• 在顶部是对and剩下atria。

Those chambers work in tandem, employing a system of valves that open and close as your heart beats in order to bring bloodin和泵血out。Remember, the heart is a muscle, and when it’s healthy, it’s quite strong. As a pump, it provides sufficient pressure so that your entire blood supply cycles through your body every 60 seconds.

More heart smarts:

• A healthy adult’s heart will beat anywhere from每分钟60〜100次while lounging around. If you’re quite fit—an athlete, for example—your heart works more efficiently, and your resting heart rate may be closer to 40 beats per minute.

• Like the rest of the body, the heart requires blood in order to thrive. In fact, it needs a bigger supply of blood than any other muscle in the body, so it relies on its own network of coronary arteries to provide that blood.

• Electricity powers the beating of your heart and sets its pace. That’s a critical function. You need your heart to beat properly in order to supply your body with sufficient blood and oxygen. Your heart contracts with each beat, and the timing of those beats must remain precise so that those contractions stay in sync.

• 这些电信号起源于你的心脏的右心房，并通过您的中心自主神经系统控制，告诉你的心脏应该跳动的快慢。当你运动，你的神经系统信号的心脏，以泵出更多的血液加快。其他因素，不是所有的人健康，喜欢抽烟和过度沉迷酒精也会影响你的心脏速率。

Your heart functions in incredibly complex ways—this is just a thumbnail sketch. Needless to say, there are also a great number of ways in which things can go wrong that can lead to heart disease.

What Are the Types of Heart Disease?

How does your body tell you that something’s troubling your heart? It depends on the type of trouble. While some diseases that affect the heart share similar symptoms, others vary greatly. And some types of heart disease have no symptoms at all.

Let’s review some of the major types of heart disease and how to recognize them:

高血压

Having high blood pressure (HBD), aka hypertension—which has no symptoms—ups your odds of developing numerous other types of heart disease, including CAD. It is the result of plaque buildups in your arteries that reduce the amount of blood that reaches your heart, leaving you at higher risk for heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP hardens and thickens your arteries, reducing blood flow. If you have a systolic pressure of 130 or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 80 or higher, it’s critical to reduce it.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

心脏的两大动脉从主动脉分支，发送血液到身体的其他部位动脉。这两条大动脉，又分支成小动脉是供应血液的心脏。CAD，最常见的类型心脏疾病，开发时，你的动脉无法为您的心脏提供足够的富含氧气的血液。心脏免受冠状动脉接收其自己的血液供应。

通常情况下，CAD被限制或通过你的血管阻塞血液流动牌匾集结所致。CAD经常开发多年，甚至几十年，它并不总是使自己知道，直到它已显著进展和你在一个心脏发作结束。在这个阶段，受影响的血管是70％左右受阻。即使是谁拥有在40％至50％范围内斑块堵塞的人可无任何症状。但是，一旦发生，他们是典型的：

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• 气促

A less common, but related, condition called冠状动脉微血管病变（MVD）or小血管病变当心脏的小动脉壁的损坏发生。，医生发现很少或没有缩小在你的心脏的主要动脉，尽管你有症状提示心脏疾病，如心绞痛后，人们常常诊断。MVD多见于妇女和谁患有糖尿病或高血压的人。The condition can be difficult to detect. Other symptoms of MVD include pain in your left arm, neck, jaw, abdomen, or back; pronounced fatigue; and shortness of breath.

Heart Attack

会发生心脏攻击的时候斑块在血管破裂，引起血栓形成的身体试图修复损坏。这种阻塞切断血液流向心脏，饥饿所需的氧气和其他营养物质的肌肉。

对于男人来说，这往往突然发生;女性的症状更趋于平缓。虽然胸痛是心脏发作的男性和女性最常见的症状，其症状可能是不同的。例如，女性比男性更容易有气短，乏力，恶心和气急。男性通常遇到破碎胸痛的典型症状。男性也比女性更可能有心脏突然发作;妇女在另一方面，有症状的发展可能性较高历时数小时，数天，甚至数周。

无论哪种方式，共同症状of heart attack include:

• 心绞痛，辐射胸痛和压力，可以感觉好像大象坐在你的胸部

• 气促

• 恶心

• 消化不良

• Heartburn

• Abdominal pain

• Fatigue

• 头晕和眩晕

• Cold sweats

Congestive Heart Failure

当你的股票的泵血能力开始下降，就会出现此疾病进展。CAD，心脏发作，糖尿病，肥胖症和高血压是心脏衰竭，所以它不会在一夜之间发生的常见原因之一。当你的心脏再也泵以及它使用的，通常会通过它的周期可能会得到备份的血液。你的肾脏过滤也血少，导致液体潴留在你的四肢肿胀。

Several different symptoms can get worse as heart failure progresses. Some of the most common:

• 由于供应不足的血液达到身体的其余部分或液体在肺部堆积呼吸急促，常伴有咳嗽或喘息
• Swelling in your legs, ankles, and abdomen caused by fluid buildup, accompanied by rapid weight gain.
• 极度疲劳由于富含氧气的血液量减少传递到您的器官和肌肉
• 因为消化问题食欲和恶心的损失引起的血流量减少
• 增加心脏率

心脏瓣膜病

正如它的名字所暗示的，心脏瓣膜疾病涉及的四个阀门的系统，可以帮助调节血液在心脏流动。例如，你的阀门之一可能缩小到一定程度的血液量减少可以通过它。这就是所谓的valvular stenosis。

当你的心脏的阀门之一停止正常工作，各种症状，其中许多类似的心脏衰竭，可能会出现，其中包括：

• 胸部不适
• Heart palpitations
• 呼吸急促增加
• 肿胀在你的腹部，踝关节和脚
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• 眩晕和/或晕厥
• 体重迅速增加

Arrhythmias

An abnormal heartbeat, called an arrhythmia, can trigger a variety of symptoms, some benign, some dangerous, depending on which kind of arrhythmia you have.Tachycardia, for example, accelerates your heartbeat to a too-fast rhythm, while心动过缓减缓下来。双方有时是危险的，导致中风和其他并发症的风险较高，但并非总是如此。如果您遇到任何心律失常的类型，一定要与你的医生咨询。

Atrial fibrillation是最常见的类型的持续性心律失常，具有在2.7和6.1万美国人目前共享它的诊断的任何地方。（随着美国人口的老龄化，这一数字预计将增加，报告疾病预防控制中心）A-FIB，因为它通常被称为，使你的心脏跳动不规律，就可以感觉它是跳跃的节拍，而不是节奏。在某些情况下，异常心跳都没有引起人们的关注，但其他时候他们可能会导致中风，心脏衰竭，甚至心脏骤停，在心脏停止跳动一个快速致命事件。去A-FIB的根，所以你知道你的症状是否不需要治疗是很重要的。

在一般情况下，心跳异常也导致其他形式的心脏疾病，包括许多共同的症状：

• 气促
• 胸部不适
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• 头晕和胸闷

中风

A stroke occurs when your heart’s blood supply gets cut off, denying it the oxygen it needs to keep working. This can cause brain tissue to begin to die within a few minutes. Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the U.S., accounting for one out of every 20 deaths that occur in this country annually, and it’s the leading cause of serious long-term disability, according to the CDC.

中风可以极大地影响大脑。你可能不理解别人说的话，你可能会含糊的讲话，你可能会遇到的困惑。

Other symptoms include:

• 瘫痪或麻木，经常对你的身体只有一面，通常影响面部，胳膊和腿
• 视力问题，可能会模糊或玷污你的视力在一只或两只眼睛，和/或复视
• Sudden and severe headache, which may be accompanied by vomiting
• 头晕
• 平衡问题，使人们走路困难

If you are experiencing stroke symptoms or recognize them in others, think F.A.S.T.:

• Face drooping
• 手臂无力
• Speech difficulty
• Time to call 911

有two major types of strokeplus a third, less-severe kind:

• 缺血性中风：这些占了近90％的中风，而当在你的大脑的血管变得被血块堵塞，他们发生。这些血块可以在大脑发育，被称为thrombotic stroke或者他们可以导致导致CAD和旅行从心脏到大脑中的相同牌匾。这就是所谓的栓塞性中风。
• Hemorrhagic stroke:最严重的中风类型，它在血管供应大脑突然发生爆裂。这不仅切断急需的氧气，它还会造成压力在周围组织建立，导致有害的肿胀和发炎。出血可大脑，这就是所谓的内部发生脑出血，或者它可以在大脑和它周围的膜之间的空间发生。这就是所谓的蛛网膜下腔出血。
• 短暂性脑缺血中风：Also referred to as a小中风, these cause stroke symptoms but do not damage the brain. They are temporary, lasting as little as five minutes. However, they are a warning sign that a full-blown stroke is in your future.

是什么原因导致心脏病？

Let’s go back to the good news: About four out of five cases of heart disease can be prevented. That’s because it’s most often caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and by other health conditions that can arise, including diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), that can arise from these choices. While it’s never too late to make positive, healthy changes, the sooner you begin, the better.

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

Before getting into the risk factors that you can work to reduce, let’s cover the few that you can’t do anything about.

• Age

  这其中的很简单。你的年龄越大，更有可能你患心脏疾病。事实上，超过80％的人谁的心脏疾病死亡的年龄超过65岁，因为心脏往往会变得脆弱了，你进入你的黄金岁月。

• 性别

  虽然心脏疾病可能是死亡男性和女性人数的原因，它往往会在以后的妇女发展。为什么？专家认为，激素如雌激素，这些妇女在更大的丰度高于男性，可以提供对心脏疾病一些保护。然而，这些激素在更年期下降。65岁时，心脏疾病的一个女人的赔率匹配那些年龄相仿的男子。

• Genetics and Family History

  这是真的:心脏病往往famil运行y. Did your dad develop heart disease before the age of 55 or your mom before she turned 65? If so, your own risk is higher than normal because one or both of your parents may have passed along a genetic ingredient in the recipe for heart disease.

• Early Menopause

  According to a 2019 study in柳叶刀公共卫生通过“变”去之前，谁经历更年期提前的女性的大约10％之间的心脏疾病，如CAD，心脏衰竭，心律不齐的40岁的风险增加，和心脏瓣膜病。目前还不清楚为什么，但在雌激素的下降可能是一个因素。

These four factors make up only part of the complex swirl of possible causes of heart disease. You can’t change your genes or age, but don’t despair. Instead, use that knowledge as motivation to解决你的风险能够change。这些包括：

• High Blood Pressure (HBP)

  有高血压，又称高血压，是其他形式的心脏疾病的红旗，提高您的CAD，心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险。HBP结果在你的动脉斑块集结，他们增厚，减少血流量。

• 高胆固醇

  Unhealthy cholesterol levels contribute to blockages in your blood vessels that can eventually lead to heart attack. Your body produces cholesterol naturally—we all need it to make important hormones and absorb Vitamin D—but it’s easy to get more than you need by eating foods that are high in saturated and trans fats (like red meat, eggs, and dairy). There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad” cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol). LDL contributes to plaque buildups in your arteries. HDL protects against heart disease by transporting excess LDL to the liver to be processed as waste.

• 肥胖

  你的心脏肥胖的力量更加努力地工作，因为你的身体需要更多的氧气和营养，你的血液供应。这导致血压高。多余的体重也增加了风险的心脏疾病，或使事情变得更糟，如果你已经有了他们，包括高胆固醇和2型糖尿病。肥胖已被证实与心脏衰竭和CAD。

• 糖尿病

  1型and2型糖尿病both limit your body’s ability to maintain a healthy level of glucose, a form of sugar that your body produces and uses for energy. Uncontrolled blood glucose damages your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart, eventually leading to heart disease. In fact, as many as three out of four people with diabetes die from some form of heart disease.

• Physical Inactivity

  该沙发土豆的生活不仅直接让你在心脏疾病的风险更高，这将打开大门，其他危险因素，如高血压，高胆固醇，和2型糖尿病。

• 吸烟或Vaping

  Lighting up does more than damage your lungs. It accelerates your heartbeat while narrowing your blood vessels and contributes to the formation of blood clots that can lead to heart attack or stroke. Less is known about the risks of vaping, but many of the chemicals involved have been linked to heart disease.

• Stress

  Pressure and tension can elevate your heart rate and blood pressure—and too much eventually damages your blood vessels. Stress also can lead some people to abuse alcohol and eat too much, as well as smoke. (And, remember,any吸烟或vaping被太多的量。）

• 饮酒

  Too much alcohol also can harm your heart. Excessive drinking ups your blood pressure and heart rate as well as your triglycerides, a type of fat linked to heart disease, because they may contribute to hardening and thickening of your arteries.

• 睡眠呼吸暂停

  This sleep disorder causes breathing trouble as you sleep, reducing the amount of oxygen to your blood and raising your blood pressure. Together, these can weaken your heart and put you at heightened risk chronic HBP, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Heart Disease?

Before we get into how your doctor will determine whether you have heart disease, let’s make one thing very clear: Diagnosis is your doctor’s job. If you have heart attack symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, don’t waste time searching the internet to figure out the problem. Call 911 immediately. How fast you act just might save your life.

然而，心脏骤停是许多潜在的严重心脏的担忧只是一个。诊断心脏疾病涉及范围筛选试验，有时，跟踪设备，太。你的医生会问你关于你的症状，你的健康史，你可能有任何的危险因素。他或她也会给你体检为了听你的心脏，检查它的节奏和脉搏的时间，寻找因手，脚，腿积水肿胀，伴随体重增加的迹象，或腹部-一个心脏衰竭或心脏瓣膜疾病的可能的指示。

您可以接受各种血液测试来衡量你的：

• 胆固醇水平，which include your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and non-HDL, your total cholesterol minus your HDL, which many experts believe is a better indicator of heart disease risk than the ratio of good to bad cholesterol.
• 甘油三酯，a type of fat found in the blood; high “tri” levels signal heart disease.
• 高灵敏度的C-反应蛋白，which is an indication of inflammation somewhere in the body (not necessarily the heart). High levels may suggest that a chronic inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus) is present, which could also increase your risk for heart disease and stroke.
• 等离子神经酰胺，或脂肪分子，整个身体中蓄积炎症，高胆固醇和甘油三酯，以及其他心脏疾病风险的结果。他们散发在你的血液，并已与斑块集结。
• Natriuretic peptides,这是在你的心脏和血管产生的蛋白质;高水平表明心脏衰竭。
• 肌钙蛋白T，which is a protein released by the heart when it's injured, such as after a heart attack; it can confirm one has indeed occurred or is occurring, especially when you have chest pain but no other heart attack symptoms. (Troponin levels may also be tested to help diagnose other types of heart disease, such as heart failure.)

除了上述测量，你可以给予非侵入性诊断测试或工具montior你的心脏节律。它们包括：

• Chest X-ray,它提供了心脏和肺的视图，允许医生以识别心脏衰竭，的迹象，如在肺流体或心脏扩大
• Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scans,which create 3D images of your heart, helping your doctor spot coronary artery disease (CAD), heart valve problems, and other heart problems
• 磁共振成像（MRI），提供你的心脏和血管，可能揭示引起的心脏发作的组织损伤，血流量减少，阻塞动脉，心脏衰竭，和更的2D和3D图像
• Electrocardiogram (EKG),这是一个常规的，非侵入性的，无痛的筛选所产生与每次心跳测量的电信号;它是用来检测的强度和这些信号的时序，以帮助查明违规心脏发作，心律不齐，心脏衰竭，和其他类型的心脏问题。
• Holter monitorsor事件记录，如果你的心电图过程中不发生心律失常的或不规则的心脏活动，其使用，和你的医生希望，而你去你的日常生活中来监视你的心脏活动。Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• 植入式循环记录仪，这是用来如果你有心律不齐的症状罕见，和你的医生正试图你有什么类型的心律失常的捕获。这个装置是刚下在你的胸部皮肤植入，让你的医生每当你遇到的症状，即使在夜间或当你在淋浴的中间，记录你的心脏的节律。您的心脏病专家将跟踪你的心脏的活动长达三年，与芯片记录一个持续的日志你的医生审查。当设备被移除，它可能会留下轻微的疤痕，但你可能会知道究竟是什么样的心律失常你正在处理的，应该如何处理。
• An exercise stress test,which is given while you are hooked up to a heart monitor, and is done during a standard cardiac exam. To do one, you walk on a treadmill, gradually increasing your pace and the incline until it feels like you’re walking up a small hill. This makes your heart work harder. Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate, and any discomfort you feel to identify signs of coronary artery disease.
• 超声心动图，which is an ultrasound of the heart that works by bouncing sound waves off various parts of your heart. It is a painless test without side effects or the use of radiation. Your doctor will place a wand-like device on your chest. The sound waves it emits will bounce off your heart are recorded and converted into a detailed picture of your ticker that will help your doctor identify any problems, such as malfunctioning valves or signs of infection.
• Carotidandabdominal ultrasound,用于评估你的中风风险或screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, respectively—and they both use sound waves, too. During this safe, painless, and non-invasive test, a gel is spread over your neck, where your carotid artery can be found, or your abdomen. An instrument sends sound waves through the gel, which then bounce back and form an image of the part of your body under examination.

You may be given more invasive diagnostic tests, too, to screen for heart disease. They include:

• Cardiac catheterization,其用于诊断CAD的黄金标准。在此过程中，你会清醒，你可能会感到一些压力，但不痛。你的医生将之前收到局部麻醉管，或护套，进入血管，导致你的心脏。接下来，导管，插入管，前往你的心脏。它提供了一个特殊的染料显示出来的X光片可以让你的医生，以评估血流。导管的尖端可以用来衡量你的每一个心脏的腔，以及在血管连接到你的心脏的压力。它也可以帮助诊断阀门问题，并确定心脏缺陷。
• 冠状动脉造影，这是在同一时间作为心导管进行。一个特殊的染料被通过导管注入到你的冠状动脉。即染料，可以在x射线观看，显示您的医生，其中，准确地说，你的动脉被阻塞。
• 电（EP）的研究，通过插入电极导管插入血管（通常在腹股沟），导致你的心脏为了记录你的心脏的电活动和/或触发心律不齐识别电流的具体途径来完成。所谓的过程切除—where rogue electrical pathways are sealed to prevent certain types of arrhythmia from occurring—can be done during an EP study.

如何心脏病治疗？

There is no cure for heart disease. That said, there’s a lot you能够这样做尽管有它很好地生活。治疗心脏疾病可以包括生活方式的改变，药物治疗，有时手术，但这种条件或条件，而-从来都不是一个一刀切。您个人的计划将根据许多因素，如您的年龄，整体健康状况，以及其他慢性疾病（如糖尿病或肾脏疾病），你可能有。

生活方式的变迁对心脏病

你知道该怎么做：吃更好，运动，减肥，并戒烟。我们知道，说起来容易做，但太值得了。这是因为你今天的日常选择可以阻止心脏疾病的明天，从而营造一个健康的进展和可能的寿命更长。

让我们通过基本的生活方式的选择，你可以实现，以帮助发生：

• 降低你的胆固醇。Cut back and avoid plaque buildup by swapping red meats for lean poultry and fish, consuming fibrous veggies and whole grains, and limiting (or even avoiding altogether) the saturated and trans fats found in fried and processed foods. Additional ways to get your cholesterol in check? Lose a few pounds, exercise more, and if that still isn’t enough, talk to your doctor about medication.

• Lower your blood pressure.同样的生活方式的改变，这有助于降低胆固醇不健康水平，也有助于与各种降血压药物提供一个管理你的血压，经常在串联。

• 尽你所能做到戒烟。We know—it’s really hard. But we也知道吸烟会导致肺癌和认真hurts your heart. Plus, a nicotine or vaping habit damages your arteries, ups your risk of dangerous blood clots, raises your heart rate, and contributes to HBP and high cholesterol. So make quitting smoking your top priority. Going cold turkey works for some, while others have to slowly wean themselves from lighting up with the help of nicotine patches and other aids, including medications and support groups. Your doctor can walk you through your options, so have that conversation as soon as possible. Visit the American Heart Association to learn more abouthow to quit。

• 动起来。几乎任何形式的体育锻炼摔打沙发土豆的生活。这是因为锻炼增强你的心脏肌肉，以便它可以更有效地完成其工作。它可以帮助降低胆固醇，血压，并且，如果你有糖尿病，血糖水平了。一个额外的好处？流汗导致一个苗条，钳工你。究竟多少可以锻炼做取决于你目前的健康状况。谈谈你的医生，谁可能会建议你开始缓慢，逐步建立耐力。如果周围街区散步是你的极限，这是确定，系带鞋子，走了。明天，你可能会走得更远。如果你有严重的心脏问题中恢复，心脏康复计划可以让你安全启动。

• Eat less, and eat better.Changing how you stock your fridge and pantry is often connected to lowering your cholesterol levels—so follow the same advice: Try high-fiber foods, lean proteins, vegetables, and whole grains, and skip overly processed junk food and fried fare. If you need guidance, consider enlisting a registered dietitian/nutritionist to outline a healthy eating plan for you—and provide strategies to stick with your plan to reach your goals.

• 减肥。It can’t be overstated: Being overweight or obese is hard on your heart. Your body mass index (BMI) measures body fat based on your weight in relation to your height. A BMI of 25 to 29 is considered overweight. You are considered obese if your BMI is 30 or higher. While use of BMI has been questioned by researchers as of late, partly because even the super-fit and muscle-bound may technically have “unhealthy” BMI numbers, some doctors still use it as a guide. More and more, however, physicians are concerned when excess body fat is concentrated around your waist, likely because a lot of belly fat can cause chronic inflammation, a risk factor for heart disease. The result? Your blood pressure and cholesterol go up and stay up—and you want neither to happen.

  If your heart health is at risk, and you find losing weight slowly and safely to be an impossible task, consider securing the services of a registered dietician, or ask your doctor if gastric bypass surgery is right for you.

• 控制糖尿病。糖尿病和心脏疾病是一个致命的组合。患有糖尿病的人有心脏疾病死亡的人比没有这个条件的多达四倍的风险。这部分是由于影响糖尿病对你的血管，同时也因为许多其他健康状况往往伴随糖尿病，包括高血压，高胆固醇和肥胖。通过药物治疗和生活方式的改变控制你的糖尿病有利于你的心脏。

• 考虑药物治疗心脏疾病，如果你需要他们。许多药物治疗冠状动脉疾病，或CAD。（请记住，当你的动脉变得与斑块堵塞，限制血液的流动发生CAD。）下面是更常用的处方类药物对CAD和其他心脏疾病的：

  • 降胆固醇药物，like statins, lower the amount of plaque-forming materials in your bloodstream.
  • Anti-coagulants (a.k.a. blood thinners)help prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots in your arteries, where they would block the flow of blood.
  • 抗血小板，including aspirin, also help prevent clots from forming.
  • β受体阻滞剂既降低血压，降低你的心脏速率。这，反过来，会导致你的心脏的需要氧气下降。
  • Calcium channel blockers经常使用串联β受体阻滞剂。他们降低血压和心脏率，同时为了放松动脉刺激血液流向心脏。
  • 硝酸甘油EASES胸痛，或心绞痛，用血限制流向心脏引起的。它的工作原理是让更多的富含氧气的血液进入你的心脏。
  • ACE inhibitorslower blood pressure and ease the heart’s workload, which helps prevent further weakening of the heart.

心脏衰竭以及心脏瓣膜疾病都与一些相同的药物，如利尿剂，可帮助排除体内多余的液体你的身体治疗。在心脏衰竭，例如，液体可以在你的肺部积聚，使呼吸困难。您还可能有规定的洋地黄，一类药物是加强你的心脏的收缩，并降低你的心脏速率。β受体阻滞剂和抗凝血药物也可用于治疗这两种情况的药物之一。

手术治疗心脏病

A wide range of surgical options also exists when heart disease requires more aggressive treatment, including:

• 血管成形术被执行以减轻动脉阻塞内胸痛和增加血流。通过你的血管的地步堵塞找到你的医生边线长，细管。接着，放气的气囊被引导到堵塞的点，并且是简要地充气到加宽通道。与此同时，你可能有一个网状支架永久放置在堵塞的部位，以保持它打开。
• Coronary artery bypass嫁接是为了重设路线的血液流动。你的外科医生将一个健康的血管从你的胸部，腿部，手臂或，并将其连接到一个点超出了堵塞，允许其绕过你的动脉堵塞。
• 激光心肌血运重建是心绞痛的治疗，包括使用激光来使心脏肌肉和左心室渠道，以让更多的富含氧气的血液到心脏。这不是很好理解为什么这个过程减轻胸痛。而且，根据美国心脏病学院，它的安全问题往往大于过程的潜在好处。
• 心脏瓣膜修复或更换当心脏瓣膜不再正常工作就完成了。该阀可通过外科手术来修复或用合成或生物瓣膜替换。后者可以从猪，牛或人心脏组织制成，并且可以包括合成部件，以及。导管也可用于运作不良的阀门。
• Implants for arrhythmia,如心脏起搏器或植入式心律转复除颤（ICD）植入药物时没有充分恢复心脏的正常节律。无论是在时间恢复心脏的适当节奏时，你的心跳变得危险不规则。
• 心室辅助装置手术放置是涉及植入机械，电池供电设备，帮助一个或两个心室的时候，他们可以不再做了充分的工作因心脏衰竭的过程。通常情况下，他们在心脏移植前的时期植入。
• 心脏移殖is done during the last stage of heart disease, replacing your diseased heart with a healthy heart from a donor who has recently died.

What’s Life Like With Heart Disease?

You’ve received your diagnosis of heart disease, and your doctor has presented you with a treatment plan. What’s next? How much of your old life will you be able to get back? Living with heart disease has challenges—some physical, some emotional, some big, some small. Your goal: to take care ofall你和你的生活最好的生活。

Your Emotional Life

If you’re not doing well emotionally, you might struggle with all of the other aspects of your treatment, from eating right and exercising to taking your medications. Often, depression is to blame. In fact, about one in five heart disease patients develops serious depression, while many others have milder cases. Research is mixed on why this is, although some scientists believe inflammation is involved. Fortunately, counseling and medication can help. Talk to your doctor if you feel down, unmotivated, or discouraged for more than a week.

你的压力水平

心脏疾病能感觉到可怕。但是，这些担忧可以压倒你和享受您的生活造成干扰。如果你的焦虑挣扎，试图将重心转移到正在发生的事情今天，而不是在未来的忧虑看。谈论你的关注与朋友和家人，请他们支持。并考虑加入一个支持小组与他人谁面临着同样的斗争，你做连接。加入美国心脏协会的支持网络。

你的活动水平

经常运动和其他体力活动帮助你的心脏。150分钟的运动最小不仅会提高你的心脏功能。它也可以使你停止服用一些你的心脏药物。但首先，请医生什么运动是适合你的。

Your Work Life

如果您是从心脏发作或手术中恢复，也可能是几个星期之前，你可以回到你的工作，但你有可能能够拿起就在你离开的。当然，这取决于工作，如果你目前的一个放太大的压力对你的心脏物理，也许精神，在紧张的形式 - 你可能要回拨你的工作量。残疾人法案，联邦法律，提供了美国人workplace protectionsfor people with heart disease.

Your Sex Life

You may have to wait up to six weeks before you resume your sex life—and only your doctor can tell you when you can safely return to romance. How long abstinence lasts will depend on your symptoms, like lingering chest pain or other complications. To get the all-clear, you may have to undergo an exercise stress test to measure your heart’s capacity to handle any under-the-sheets action.

Return to the Road

Before you climb behind the steering wheel, check your state’s regulations for driving after a serious illness. Also, if you have symptoms like chest pain, don’t drive until they clear up.

获得帮助，如果你需要它

You can kickstart your new life withcardiac rehabilitation。This is a medically supervised program that typically lasts for three months. Working with doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, dietitians and mental health counselors, you will receive exercise training, lessons in healthy eating, methods to reduce stress, and other education designed to help you reduce your risk of worsening heart health.

记住，你和超过1.21亿的其他美国人正面临某种类型的心脏疾病在一起，所以你不是，也永远不会单独在此。我们已经得到了你。

在哪里可以找到我的心脏病社区？

With half of the American population affected by some sort of cardiovascular disease, one thing's for sure—you are not alone. And we’ve got your heart-community covered, whether you're in the mood for a podcast to help you better understand your new (and necessary) lifestyle changes; a support group that's been there, lived that, and wants to pay the guidance forward; or an organization who will not only support you with research but will also invite you to a fun run.

顶级心脏病Instagrammers：

•Steven Burns, @that_heart_guy：随着他的皮带七枝开，心脏手术，他知道一两件事有关的人的生活，每天谁需要对心脏的寿命（双关语意）。他进的最好的事情，除了他的优雅和指导，是心脏的战士，他在常规功能。这是一个自我感觉良好的鼓舞人心的饲料，如果有曾经是一个。

•Star Jones, @starjonesesq：You know her for her beaming smile and her seat at the table onThe View—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

•阿林Gragossian，@a_change_of_heart_blog，achangeofhe.art/blog：Picture this: A completely healthy 30-year-old physician who never had any health issues other than a bout with appendicitis. How on earth, then, did she become a heart transplant patient overnight? Her personal experience, mixed with her professional POV, makes her feed and blog endlessly fascinating—and don’t worry, she tells you every single bit of her story.

Top Heart Disease-Related Podcasts：

•Love Your Heart: A Cleveland Clinic Podcast：Your many Qs, answered by experts. Trending topics, diets, and public health scares—discussed by experts. All things heart, all the time, brought to you from, yes, the专家在克利夫兰诊所，以浅白的文字介绍。

•Cholesterol Podcasts from The American Heart Association (AHA）：现在，你应该知道，在心脏疾病的一个重要因素是你的心脏，你的饮食，你的胆固醇的健康。在AHA就如何更好地通过这些翔实的播客管理的LDL和HDL提示。

•Plant Proof - Plant-Based Nutrition & Inspirational Stories：Hosted by Simon Hill, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and certified in plant-based nutrition (it’s a thing), this podcast hones in one the biggest lifestyle change you will be forced to make if you have heart disease: diet. Episodes feature diet approaches, people who have tried them, and guidance for how you can get in on the action.

顶级心脏病非营利组织：

•美国心脏协会：They make two appearances in this line-up, and for good reason. The AHA is the bees knees of heart health guidance. Not only do they have endless resources to help you navigate life with heart disease, but they also have the hands-on manpower to quite literally walk you through it. Hosting local events like fun runs (or walks), plus galas across the country, you will never feel alone as long as you’re a part of this nonprofit.

•Women Heart：在美国，一个在四名妇女心脏疾病死亡，所以它理所当然有一个非营利性的完全奉献给女性对抗它。他们会让你觉得精力充沛，并在自己的健康的控制权，同时用妇女姐妹一个，谁都会浏览这个新的现实与你连接。

•心脏基金会：此基础上背后的力量是压倒性的发自内心的，它是在一个健康的35岁的丈夫和父亲谁遭受在篮球场上一个巨大的心脏发作的记忆开始。今天，这个基础燃料世界著名心脏病专家P.K.博士的指导下从事研究沙阿，在寻求找到阻止这些突然的悲剧更有效的方法。