Let's Talk About Heart Disease

Nearly half of all American adults have some form of cardiovascular disease—an umbrella term that covers everything from high blood pressure to stroke. If you’ve been told you’re among them, you may be confused or even a little scared. That’s normal, and everyone featured on HealthCentral with a chronic condition felt just like you do now. But we—and they—are here for you. On this page alone, you’ll discover not only the realities and challenges of heart disease, but also the best treatments, helpful lifestyle changes, and critical information you need to help you not just manage—but thrive. We’re sure you’ve got a lot of questions. We’re here to answer them.

那么，什么是心脏病，无论如何？

The term heart disease encompasses a巨大达心血管领土。这是因为它不是一个单一的疾病，而是一个指的是各种心脏相关的疾病，其中许多慢性，这种影响有多好你的心脏功能。

一些心脏疾病比较常见的形式包括：

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• 冠状动脉疾病（CAD）
• Heart attack
• 充血性心脏衰竭
• Heart valve disease
• 心房颤动和other arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
• Stroke

Heart disease accounts for more deaths each year than any other health concern. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 650,000 people die of heart disease annually. That’s about one death every 37 seconds—a shocking number, to be sure. And heart disease does not discriminate: Whether you are a man or a woman of any race or ethnicity, cardiovascular disease is your number-one health threat.

好消息？你可以做很多事情来预防心脏疾病。而且，如果你已经有了某种形式的这种情况，有药物治疗，生活方式，管理技巧，并帮助保护您和您的股票等战略。

如何是心应该发挥作用？

潜水到可能出现的错误之前，让我们一步一步看看心脏，它做什么，以及它是如何工作的：

1. 一个超大的工作一磅，拳头大小的肌肉，心脏是负责血液整个身体的不间断循环。
2. 那血液通过你的动脉，静脉和毛细血管形成的血管。（有趣的事实：根据克利夫兰诊所，你大概有60000英里血管在你的身体。）
3. As it flows out from your heart through the arteries in your circulatory system, blood provides oxygen and other essential nutrients to all the cells in your body.
4. Once it’s made its deliveries, blood returns via your veins to the heart, discarding toxins (via the kidneys) along the way.
5. Once back in the heart, the blood flows along to the lungs, where it disposes of carbon dioxide and restocks its supply of oxygen before cycling through your body once more.

心脏使这一切是如何发生的?对于starters,the heart is made up of four chambers:

• On the bottom are theleft和右心室。
• On top are theright和left atria。

那些室协同工作，采用的阀门，一个系统打开和关闭为你心脏跳动，以便使血液在和泵血出。请记住，心脏是肌肉，而当它是健康的，这是相当强烈的。作为泵，它提供了足够的压力，使得每60秒通过你的身体整个血液供应周期。

更多心脏的智慧：

• 一个健康的成年人的心脏会跳动从任何地方60 to 100 times per minutewhile lounging around. If you’re quite fit—an athlete, for example—your heart works more efficiently, and your resting heart rate may be closer to 40 beats per minute.

• 就像身体的其他部位，心脏需要以蓬勃发展的血液。事实上，它需要的血液比身体任何其他肌肉更大的供应，所以它依靠自身的冠状动脉的网络上提供血液。

• 电力大国的心脏跳动，并设置它的步伐。这是一个关键的功能。你需要你的心脏，以便有足够的血液和氧气供应你的身体正常跳动。随节拍，和这些节拍的时间你的心脏收缩时必须保持精确，使这些收缩保持同步。

• 这些电信号起源于你的心脏的右心房，并通过您的中心自主神经系统控制，告诉你的心脏应该跳动的快慢。当你运动，你的神经系统信号的心脏，以泵出更多的血液加快。其他因素，不是所有的人健康，喜欢抽烟和过度沉迷酒精也会影响你的心脏速率。

在极其复杂的你的心脏功能的方法，这只是一个简略的勾画。不用说，也有办法在事情都可能出错，可导致心脏疾病的大量。

什么是心脏病的类型？

请问你的身体告诉你，有些事情在困扰着你的心脏？这取决于故障类型。虽然有些疾病会影响心脏有着相似的症状，有的相差很大。和某些类型的心脏疾病有根本没有症状。

Let’s review some of the major types of heart disease and how to recognize them:

Hypertension

有血压高（HBD），又称高血压 - 这没有任何症状起坐你患上许多其他类型的心脏疾病，包括冠心病的几率。这是你的动脉降低血液到达你的心脏，让你在为心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险较高量斑块集结的结果。HBP变硬变厚你的动脉，血流量减少。如果你有130或更高的收缩压，或80或更高的舒张压，这是至关重要的，以减少它。

冠状动脉疾病（CAD）

心脏的两个主要动脉的分支aorta, the artery that sends blood to the rest of the body. These two arteries, in turn, branch off into smaller and smaller arteries that supply the heart with blood. CAD, the most common type of heart disease, develops when your arteries can’t provide enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart. The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries.

通常情况下，CAD被限制或通过你的血管阻塞血液流动牌匾集结所致。CAD经常开发多年，甚至几十年，它并不总是使自己知道，直到它已显著进展和你在一个心脏发作结束。在这个阶段，受影响的血管是70％左右受阻。即使是谁拥有在40％至50％范围内斑块堵塞的人可无任何症状。但是，一旦发生，他们是典型的：

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• 气促

A less common, but related, condition calledcoronary microvascular disease (MVD)要么小血管病变occurs when the walls of the small arteries in the heart are damaged. It is often diagnosed after a doctor finds little or no narrowing in the main arteries of your heart, despite your having symptoms that suggest heart disease, such as angina.MVD多见于妇女和谁患有糖尿病或高血压的人。The condition can be difficult to detect. Other symptoms of MVD include pain in your left arm, neck, jaw, abdomen, or back; pronounced fatigue; and shortness of breath.

心脏病发作

A heart attack occurs when the plaque in your blood vessel ruptures, causing a clot to form as the body attempts to repair the damage. This blockage cuts off blood flow to the heart, starving the muscle of needed oxygen and other nutrients.

For men, this often happens suddenly; women’s symptoms tend to be more gradual. While chest pain is the most common symptom of heart attack for both men and women, their symptoms can be different. For example, women are more likely to have shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea. Men normally experience the classic symptom of crushing chest pain. Men are also more likely than women to have sudden heart attacks; women, on the other hand, have higher odds of developing symptoms over a period of hours, days, or even weeks.

无论哪种方式，共同symptoms心脏发作的包括：

• 心绞痛，辐射胸痛和压力，可以感觉好像大象坐在你的胸部

• 气促

• 恶心

• Indigestion

• 胃灼热

• 腹痛

• 疲劳

• Lightheadedness and dizziness

• 吓出一身冷汗

Congestive Heart Failure

This progressive disease occurs when your ticker’s ability to pump blood starts to decline. CAD, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure are among the common causes of heart failure—so it doesn’t happen overnight. As your heart can no longer pump as well as it used to, the blood that would normally cycle through it can get backed up. Your kidneys also filter less blood, leading to fluid retention and swelling in your extremities.

几种不同的症状可加重心脏衰竭进展。一些最常见的：

• 由于供应不足的血液达到身体的其余部分或液体在肺部堆积呼吸急促，常伴有咳嗽或喘息
• 肿胀你的腿，脚踝和腹部造成积水，并伴有体重迅速增加。
• 极度疲劳由于富含氧气的血液量减少传递到您的器官和肌肉
• 因为消化问题食欲和恶心的损失引起的血流量减少
• Increased heart rate

心脏瓣膜病

As its name implies, heart valve disease involves the system of four valves that helps regulate the flow of blood through the heart. For example, one of your valves might narrow to the point that a reduced amount of blood can pass through it. This is called瓣狭窄。

When one of your heart’s valves stop working properly, a variety of symptoms, many of them similar to those of heart failure, can occur, including:

• Chest discomfort
• 心脏心悸
• Increasing shortness of breath
• Swelling in your abdomen, ankles, and feet
• 疲劳
• 弱点
• Dizziness and/or fainting
• 体重迅速增加

心律失常

心跳异常，称为心律失常，可引起各种症状，有些是良性的，一些危险的，这取决于一种心律失常你有哪些。心动过速，例如，加速你的心跳到过于快节奏的，而bradycardiaslows it down. Both can sometimes be dangerous and lead to higher risk of stroke and other complications, but not always. If you experience either type of arrhythmia, be sure to consult with your doctor.

心房颤动is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia, with anywhere between 2.7 and 6.1 million Americans currently sharing a diagnosis of it. (As the U.S. population ages, that number is expected to increase, reports the CDC.) A-fib, as it’s often called, causes your heart to beat erratically—it can feel like it is skipping beats—rather than rhythmically. In some cases, abnormal heartbeats are not a cause of concern, but other times they can lead to stroke, heart failure, or even cardiac arrest, a quickly fatal event in which the heart stops beating. It’s important to get to the root of A-fib, so you know whether or not your symptoms require treatment.

In general, abnormal heartbeats also lead to many symptoms shared by other forms of heart disease, including:

• 气促
• Chest discomfort
• 疲劳
• 弱点
• Dizziness and lightheadedness

Stroke

当你的心脏的血液供应被切断，否认它需要保持工作中的氧发生中风。这可能会导致脑组织开始在几分钟内死亡。中风是在美国死亡的第五大原因，占一出来，每年发生在这个国家每20人死亡，这是严重的长期残疾的主要原因，根据CDC。

A stroke can greatly affect the brain. You may have trouble understanding what others are saying, you may slur your speech, and you may experience confusion.

其他症状包括：

• Paralysis or numbness, often on only one side of your body, commonly affecting the face, legs and arms
• Vision problems that may blur or blacken your eyesight in one or both eyes, and/or double vision
• 突然和剧烈的头痛，可以通过呕吐伴随
• Dizziness
• Balance problems that make it difficult to walk

If you are experiencing stroke symptoms or recognize them in others, think F.A.S.T.:

• 面部下垂
• 手臂无力
• Speech difficulty
• 时间拨打911

有two major types of strokeplus a third, less-severe kind:

• Ischemic stroke:这些占了近90％的中风，而当在你的大脑的血管变得被血块堵塞，他们发生。这些血块可以在大脑发育，被称为血栓性中风, or they can result from the same plaque that causes CAD and travel from the heart to the brain. This is called栓塞性中风。
• 出血性中风：The most serious type of stroke, it occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain suddenly bursts. Not only does this cut off much needed oxygen, it also causes pressure to build up in the surrounding tissue, leading to harmful swelling and irritation. The bleeding can occur inside the brain, which is called an在tracerebral hemorrhage, or it can happen in the space between the brain and the membranes that surround it. This is called asubarachnoid hemorrhage。
• Transient ischemic stroke:Also referred to as a小中风这些引起中风症状，但不损害大脑。他们是暂时的，持续短短的五分钟。然而，他们是一个警告标志，一个全面的行程是在你的未来。

What Causes Heart Disease?

让我们回到好消息：关于可以预防五分之四的心脏疾病五个一箱。因为它是由生活方式因素，如吸烟，不良饮食习惯最常引起的的，缺乏锻炼，并可能出现其他健康状况，包括糖尿病和高血压（HBP），可以从这些选择产生。虽然这是永远不会太晚做出积极的，健康的变化，你开始越早，效果越好。

患心脏病的风险因素

进入的危险因素，你可以努力减少之前，让我们覆盖少数，你不能做任何事情。

• Age

  This one’s pretty simple. The older you get, the likelier you are to develop heart disease. In fact, more than 80% people who die from heart disease are older than 65, because the heart tends to grow weaker as you move into your golden years.

• Gender

  While heart disease may be the number cause of death for both men and women, it tends to develop later in women. Why? Experts believe that hormones such as estrogen, which women have in much greater abundance than men, may provide some protection against heart disease. However, those hormones decline during menopause. By age 65, a woman’s odds of heart disease match those of a man of similar age.

• Genetics and Family History

  It’s true: Heart disease tends to run in the family. Did your dad develop heart disease before the age of 55 or your mom before she turned 65? If so, your own risk is higher than normal because one or both of your parents may have passed along a genetic ingredient in the recipe for heart disease.

• 更年期提前

  根据一个2019研究柳叶刀公共卫生, going through “The Change” before age 40 increases risk of heart diseases like CAD, heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart valve disease among the approximately 10% of women who experience early menopause. It remains unclear why, though a decline in estrogen may be a factor.

These four factors make up only part of the complex swirl of possible causes of heart disease. You can’t change your genes or age, but don’t despair. Instead, use that knowledge as motivation to解决你的风险can更改。These include:

• 血压高（HBP）

  Having hypertension, a.k.a. high blood pressure, is a red flag for other forms of heart disease, increasing your risk for CAD, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP results from plaque buildups in your arteries, thickening them and reducing blood flow.

• 高胆固醇

  不健康的胆固醇水平为blockag作出贡献es in your blood vessels that can eventually lead to heart attack. Your body produces cholesterol naturally—we all need it to make important hormones and absorb Vitamin D—but it’s easy to get more than you need by eating foods that are high in saturated and trans fats (like red meat, eggs, and dairy). There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad” cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol). LDL contributes to plaque buildups in your arteries. HDL protects against heart disease by transporting excess LDL to the liver to be processed as waste.

• Obesity

  你的心努力工作因为肥胖力量se your body requires more of the oxygen and nutrients that your blood supplies. This leads to high blood pressure. Excess weight also increases risk for heart disease, or makes them worse if you already have them, including high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. Obesity has been linked to heart failure and CAD.

• Diabetes

  Type 1和type 2 diabetes既限制了你的身体，以保持血糖的健康水平，糖，你的身体产生和能源利用形式的能力。不受控制的血糖损害你的血管和控制你的心脏，最终导致心脏疾病的神经。事实上，多达四分之三的糖尿病人从某种形式的心脏疾病而死亡。

• 体力活动

  该沙发土豆的生活不仅直接让你在心脏疾病的风险更高，这将打开大门，其他危险因素，如高血压，高胆固醇，和2型糖尿病。

• 吸烟或Vaping

  照亮了确实比伤害你的肺更多。它加速你的心跳，同时缩小你的血管并促进血液凝块，可导致心脏发作或中风的形成。很少有人知道关于vaping的风险，但许多化学物质的介入已与心脏疾病。

• 强调

  压力和紧张可以提高你的心脏速率和血压和太多的最终损害你的血管。压力也可能会导致一些人酗酒和暴饮暴食，以及烟雾。（而且，请记住，任何amount of smoking or vaping is too much.)

• Drinking Alcohol

  太多的酒精也可能会损害你的心脏。过量饮酒UPS你的血压和心脏率以及你的甘油三酯，与心脏疾病，因为它们可能有助于强化和你的动脉增厚一种类型的脂肪。

• Sleep Apnea

  这种睡眠障碍导致呼吸困难哟u sleep, reducing the amount of oxygen to your blood and raising your blood pressure. Together, these can weaken your heart and put you at heightened risk chronic HBP, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Heart Disease?

在我们进入你的医生将如何决定你是否有心脏疾病，让我们做一两件事很清楚：诊断是医生的工作。如果你有心脏发作的症状，如呼吸急促或胸痛，不要浪费时间搜索互联网，以找出问题。立即拨打911。你的行为如何快也许会挽救你的生命。

然而，心脏骤停是许多潜在的严重心脏的担忧只是一个。诊断心脏疾病涉及范围筛选试验，有时，跟踪设备，太。你的医生会问你关于你的症状，你的健康史，你可能有任何的危险因素。他或她也会给你体检为了听你的心脏，检查它的节奏和脉搏的时间，寻找因手，脚，腿积水肿胀，伴随体重增加的迹象，或腹部-一个心脏衰竭或心脏瓣膜疾病的可能的指示。

You may undergo a variety of blood tests to measure your:

• Cholesterol levels,这包括你的总胆固醇，低密度脂蛋白，高密度脂蛋白和非高密度脂蛋白，你的总胆固醇减去高密度脂蛋白，其中有许多专家认为是比好到坏胆固醇的比例心脏疾病的风险一个更好的指标。
• Triglycerides,a type of fat found in the blood; high “tri” levels signal heart disease.
• 高灵敏度的C-反应蛋白，这是在主体（不一定是心脏）炎症某处的指示。高水平可能表明，慢性炎症性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎或狼疮）的存在，这也可以增加你的心脏疾病和中风的风险。
• Plasma ceramides,要么fat molecules, which accumulate throughout your body as a result of inflammation, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and other heart disease risks. They circulate in your blood and have been linked to plaque buildups.
• 利钠肽，这是在你的心脏和血管产生的蛋白质;高水平表明心脏衰竭。
• Troponin T,which is a protein released by the heart when it's injured, such as after a heart attack; it can confirm one has indeed occurred or is occurring, especially when you have chest pain but no other heart attack symptoms. (Troponin levels may also be tested to help diagnose other types of heart disease, such as heart failure.)

除了上述测量，你可以给予非侵入性诊断测试或工具montior你的心脏节律。它们包括：

• Chest X-ray,which offers a view of the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to identify signs of heart failure, such as fluid in the lungs or an enlarged heart
• 计算机辅助断层扫描（CAT），它创建你的心脏的三维图像，帮助医生发现冠状动脉疾病（CAD），心脏瓣膜问题，和其他心脏问题
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),which provides 2D and 3D images of your heart and blood vessels that may reveal tissue damage caused by a heart attack, reduced blood flow, blocked arteries, heart failure, and more
• 心电图（EKG），这是一个常规的，非侵入性的，无痛的筛选所产生与每次心跳测量的电信号;它是用来检测的强度和这些信号的时序，以帮助查明违规心脏发作，心律不齐，心脏衰竭，和其他类型的心脏问题。
• Holter monitors要么事件记录，which are used if your arrhythmia or irregular heart activity doesn’t occur during your EKG, and your doctor wants to monitor your heart’s activity while you go about your daily life. Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• Implantable loop recorders,which are used if you have infrequent symptoms of arrhythmia, and your doctor is trying to capture what type of arrhythmia you have. This device is implanted just under the skin on your chest, enabling your doctor to record your heart’s rhythms whenever you experience symptoms—even in the middle of the night or when you’re in the shower. Your cardiologist will track your heart’s activities for up to three years, with the chip recording a continual log for your doctor to review. When the device is removed, it may leave a slight scar—but you’ll likely know exactly what kind of arrhythmia you’re dealing with, and how it should be treated.
• 一个运动负荷试验，这是考虑当你迷上了心脏监护器，和一个标准的心脏检查过程中完成的。为了做一个，你跑步机上行走，逐步增加你的步伐和倾斜，直到感觉就像你走了一个小山丘。这使你的心脏更加努力地工作。你的医生会监测你的血压，心脏率，和你任何不适的感觉，以确定冠状动脉疾病的迹象。
• Echocardiogram,这是由声波反射你的心脏的各个部分作品心脏的超声检查。它是无副作用无痛测试或使用辐射。你的医生会放置一个棍形装置在你的胸部。它发出将反弹你的心脏的声波被记录下来，转换成你的股票的详细图片，这将有助于你的医生发现任何问题，如错误的阀门或感染的迹象。
• 颈动脉和腹部超声，这是用来评估你中风的危险，或者屏幕腹主动脉瘤，分别和它们都利用声波，太。在这个安全，无痛，非侵入性的测试，凝胶是蔓延在你的脖子，你的颈动脉，可以发现，或者你的腹部。的器械穿过凝胶，然后反弹，形成身体的被检查部分的图像发送声波。

You may be given more invasive diagnostic tests, too, to screen for heart disease. They include:

• 心导管检查，which is the gold standard for diagnosing CAD. During this procedure, you’ll be awake, and you may feel some pressure but no pain. You receive a local anesthetic before your doctor inserts a tube, or sheath, into a blood vessel that leads to your heart. Next, a catheter, inserted into the tube, travels to your heart. It delivers a special dye which shows up on x-rays allows your doctor to evaluate blood flow. The tip of the catheter can be used to measure the pressure in each of your heart’s chambers as well as in the blood vessels connected to your heart. It also can help diagnose valve problems and identify heart defects.
• Coronary angiography,这是在同一时间作为心导管进行。一个特殊的染料被通过导管注入到你的冠状动脉。即染料，可以在x射线观看，显示您的医生，其中，准确地说，你的动脉被阻塞。
• Electrophysiology (EP) study,which is done by inserting an electrode catheter into a blood vessel (usually in your groin) that leads to your heart in order to record your heart’s electrical activity and/or to trigger arrhythmia to identify an electrical current’s specific pathway. A procedure calledablation-where流氓电通路被密封，以防止某些类型的心律不齐的发生，可以在EP研究期间进行。

如何心脏病治疗？

有没有治愈心脏疾病。这就是说，有很多你cando to live well despite having it. Treating heart disease can include lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgery, but this condition—or conditions, rather—is never one size fits all. Your individual plan will be based on numerous factors, such as your age, overall health, and other chronic conditions (such as diabetes or kidney disease) you might have.

Lifestyle Changes for Heart Disease

你知道该怎么做：吃更好，运动，减肥，并戒烟。我们知道，说起来容易做，但太值得了。这是因为你今天的日常选择可以阻止心脏疾病的明天，从而营造一个健康的进展和可能的寿命更长。

Let’s walk through the basic lifestyle choices you can implement to help make happen:

• 降低你的胆固醇。切回，并避免斑块积聚通过交换红肉贫家禽和鱼类，消耗纤维蔬菜和谷物，和限制（或甚至完全避免）的饱和的和在油炸和加工食品中发现的反式脂肪。另外的方式来获得在检查你的胆固醇？失去了几磅，多锻炼，如果仍然是不够的，跟你的医生有关药物。

• 降低你的血压。The same lifestyle changes that help bring down unhealthy cholesterol levels can also help manage your blood pressure, often in tandem with one of the various blood-pressure lowering medications available.

• Do everything you can do to quit smoking.We know—it’s really hard. But we也知道吸烟会引起肺癌，严重伤害了你的心脏。此外，危险血块的尼古丁或vaping习惯损害你的动脉，UPS你的风险，提高你的心脏率，并有助于高血压和高胆固醇。因此，请戒烟你的首要任务。去一些冷火鸡的作品，而另一些则慢慢断奶本身从尼古丁贴片和其它助剂，包括药物治疗和支持团体的帮助下点亮。你的医生可以指导您完成您的选择，所以尽快有一个谈话。访问美国心脏协会以了解更多有关如何戒烟。

• Get moving.Physical activity of just about any kind beats the couch potato life. That’s because exercise strengthens your heart muscle so that it can do its job more efficiently. It helps lower your cholesterol, blood pressure, and, if you have diabetes, blood sugar levels, too. An added benefit? Breaking a sweat leads to a slimmer, fitter you. Exactly how much exercise you can do depends on your current state of health. Talk to your doctor, who might advise you to start slow and gradually build up endurance. If a walk around the block is your limit, that’s OK—lace up your shoes and get going. Tomorrow, you’ll likely go even further. If you’re recovering from a serious heart issue, cardiac rehabilitation programs can get you started safely.

• Eat less, and eat better.改变你的股票怎么你的冰箱和厨房是经常连接到降低胆固醇水平，因此遵循同样的忠告：尽量高纤维食物，瘦肉蛋白，蔬菜和粗粮，并跳过过度加工的垃圾食品和油炸食物。如果您需要指导，争取考虑注册营养师/营养师勾勒出一个健康的饮食计划为您和提供战略，坚持你的计划，以达到自己的目标。

• Lose weight.它不能被夸大：超重或肥胖是很难对你的心脏。基于相对于你的身高体重，你的身体质量指数（BMI）措施身体脂肪。25至29的BMI认为是超重。你被认为是肥胖，如果你的体重指数为30或更高。虽然使用BMI已经由研究人员最近提出质疑，部分原因是因为即使是超适合和肌肉结合的可能在技术上有“不健康” BMI数字，一些医生仍然使用它作为指导。越来越多，但是，医生们当体内多余的脂肪集中在你的腰部，很可能是因为大量的腹部脂肪会导致慢性炎症，心脏疾病的危险因素有关。结果？你的血压和胆固醇上升和熬夜，你想都不发生。

  如果你的心脏健康处于危险中，你会发现减肥缓慢和安全是一个不可能完成的任务，考虑保护注册营养师的服务，或询问您的医生，如果胃绕道手术是适合你的。

• Manage your diabetes.Diabetes和heart disease are a deadly combination. People with diabetes have as much as four times the risk of dying from heart disease than someone without this condition. This is in part due to the effect diabetes has on your blood vessels, and also because many other health conditions often accompany diabetes, including HBP, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Controlling your diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes benefits your heart.

• 考虑药物治疗for heart disease, if you need them. Many drugs treat coronary artery disease, or CAD. (Remember, CAD occurs when your arteries become clogged with plaque, restricting the flow of blood.) Here are the more commonly prescribed types of medication for CAD and other heart ailments:

  • Cholesterol lowering drugs,like statins, lower the amount of plaque-forming materials in your bloodstream.
  • 抗凝血剂（又名血液稀释剂）帮助防止危险的血块在你的动脉，在那里他们会阻止血液流动的形成。
  • 抗血小板，包括阿司匹林，也有助于防止血栓的形成。
  • β受体阻滞剂both lower your blood pressure and reduce your heart rate. That, in turn, causes your heart’s need for oxygen to drop.
  • 钙通道阻断剂are often used in tandem with beta blockers. They lower blood pressure and heart rate while relaxing arteries in order to boost blood flow to the heart.
  • NitroglycerinEASES胸痛，或心绞痛，用血限制流向心脏引起的。它的工作原理是让更多的富含氧气的血液进入你的心脏。
  • ACE inhibitors降低血压，减轻心脏负荷，这有助于防止心脏的进一步弱化。

心脏衰竭以及心脏瓣膜疾病都与一些相同的药物，如利尿剂，可帮助排除体内多余的液体你的身体治疗。在心脏衰竭，例如，液体可以在你的肺部积聚，使呼吸困难。您还可能有规定的洋地黄，一类药物是加强你的心脏的收缩，并降低你的心脏速率。β受体阻滞剂和抗凝血药物也可用于治疗这两种情况的药物之一。

手术治疗心脏病

当心脏疾病，需要更积极的治疗，其中也存在着广泛的手术方案：

• Angioplastyis performed to relieve chest pain and increase blood flow within a blocked artery. Your doctor threads a long, thin tube through your blood vessels to the point where the blockage is found. Next, a deflated balloon gets directed to the point of the blockage and is briefly inflated to widen the passage. At the same time, you’ll likely have a mesh stent permanently placed at the site of the blockage to keep it open.
• 冠状动脉搭桥嫁接是为了重设路线的血液流动。你的外科医生将一个健康的血管从你的胸部，腿部，手臂或，并将其连接到一个点超出了堵塞，允许其绕过你的动脉堵塞。
• Transmyocardial laser revascularization是心绞痛的治疗，包括使用激光来使心脏肌肉和左心室渠道，以让更多的富含氧气的血液到心脏。这不是很好理解为什么这个过程减轻胸痛。而且，根据美国心脏病学院，它的安全问题往往大于过程的潜在好处。
• Heart valve repair or replacementis done when a heart valve no longer works properly. The valve can be repaired surgically or replaced with a synthetic or biological valve. The latter can be made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue and may include synthetic parts as well. Catheters may also be used for poorly functioning valves.
• Implants for arrhythmia,such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), are implanted when drugs do not adequately restore your heart’s normal rhythm. Both restore your heart’s proper rhythm at times when your heartbeat becomes dangerously irregular.
• 心室辅助装置手术放置is a procedure that involves implanting a mechanical, battery-powered device that aids one or both of your ventricles when they can no longer do an adequate job due to heart failure. Often, they are implanted during the period before a heart transplant.
• Heart transplant在心脏疾病的最后阶段完成后，从谁最近死了供体心脏健康更换您患病的心脏。

什么是生命一样有心脏病？

您已收到您的心脏疾病诊断，和你的医生提出你的治疗计划。下一步是什么？阁下将获得多少旧的生活能找回？与心脏疾病生活也面临挑战，一些物理，一些情绪，一些大，一些小。你的目标：照顾所有of you and live your best life.

你的情感生活

如果你做得还不够好情绪，可能会与所有的治疗，其他方面的斗争从右饮食和锻炼来把你的药物。通常情况下，抑郁症是罪魁祸首。事实上，大约五分之一的心脏疾病的患者出现严重的抑郁症，而许多人有温和的情况下。研究是为什么这是混合，但也有一些科学家认为炎症是参与。幸运的是，心理咨询和药物治疗可以帮助。谈谈你的医生，如果你感到沮丧，无心，或鼓励使用超过一个星期。

Your Stress Levels

Heart disease can feel scary. But those worries can overwhelm you and interfere with enjoying your life. If you struggle with anxiety, try to shift your focus to what’s happening today rather than looking with worry at the future. Talk about your concerns with friends and family and ask them for support. And consider joining a support group to connect with others who face the same struggles that you do. Join the美国心脏协会的支持网络。

Your Activity Levels

Regular exercise and other physical activity help your heart. A minimum of 150 minutes of exercise will not only improve your heart function. It also may enable you stop taking some of your heart medications. But first, ask your doctor what exercises are right for you.

你的工作生活

If you’re recovering from a heart attack or surgery, it may be a few weeks before you can return to your job, but you’ll likely be able to pick up right where you left off. Of course, it depends on the job—if your current one puts too much strain on your heart—physical and, perhaps mental, in the form of stress--you may have to dial back your workload. The Americans with Disabilities Act, a federal law, offersworkplace protections对于患有心脏疾病。

你的性生活

您可能需要等待长达六个星期你恢复你的性生活，只有你的医生可以告诉你之前，当你可以安全地回归浪漫。多长时间禁欲持续时间将取决于你的症状，像挥之不去的胸痛或其他并发症。要获得全清楚，你可能要经历一个运动负荷试验来测量处理任何欠的表行动你的心脏的能力。

Return to the Road

Before you climb behind the steering wheel, check your state’s regulations for driving after a serious illness. Also, if you have symptoms like chest pain, don’t drive until they clear up.

Get Help If You Need It

你可以的kickstart你的新生活心脏康复。This is a medically supervised program that typically lasts for three months. Working with doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, dietitians and mental health counselors, you will receive exercise training, lessons in healthy eating, methods to reduce stress, and other education designed to help you reduce your risk of worsening heart health.

Remember, you and over 121 million other Americans are facing some type of heart disease together—so you’re not—and never will be—alone in this. We’ve got you.

Where Can I Find My Heart Disease Communities?

随着受某种心血管疾病的美国人口的一半，有一两件事是肯定的，你并不孤单。而且我们已经得到了你的心脏社区覆盖，无论你的心情播客，以帮助您更好地了解新的（必要的）生活方式的改变是;这一直是有一个支持小组，住着的是，并希望前锋支付指导;或组织谁也不会只支持你的研究也将邀请你到一个有趣的运行。

Top Heart Disease Instagrammers:

•史蒂芬烧伤，@that_heart_guy：随着他的皮带七枝开，心脏手术，他知道一两件事有关的人的生活，每天谁需要对心脏的寿命（双关语意）。他进的最好的事情，除了他的优雅和指导，是心脏的战士，他在常规功能。这是一个自我感觉良好的鼓舞人心的饲料，如果有曾经是一个。

•Star Jones, @starjonesesq: You know her for her beaming smile and her seat at the table onThe View—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

•Alin Gragossian, @a_change_of_heart_blog, achangeofhe.art/blog：图片这样的：一个完全健康的30岁的医生谁从来没有比阑尾炎发作以外的任何健康问题。如何在地球上，那么，为什么她成为一个心脏移植病人过夜？她的亲身经历，与她的专业POV混合，使得她的饲料和博客不休迷人 - 不要担心，她会告诉你她的故事的每一个位。

顶级心脏病相关的播客:

•爱你的心：一个克利夫兰诊所播客：您的很多QS，由专家解答。必威体育betway787专家热门话题，饮食和公共卫生恐慌讨论。所有的事情心脏，所有的时间，从，是的，赞助experts在克利夫兰诊所，以浅白的文字介绍。

•来自美国心脏协会胆固醇播客（AHA): By now you should know that a huge factor in heart disease is the health of your heart, your diet, and your cholesterol. The AHA gives tips on how to better manage your LDLs and HDLs through these informative podcasts.

•植物证明 - 植物为基础的营养与励志故事：由西蒙·希尔，营养师，物理治疗师主持，并在植物为基础的营养（这是一个事）认证，在一个本播客珩磨最大的生活方式的改变，你将被迫作出，如果你有心脏疾病：饮食。发作特点的饮食方法，谁曾试图它们，并指导如何在行动上让人们。

顶级心脏病非营利组织:

•American Heart Association: They make two appearances in this line-up, and for good reason. The AHA is the bees knees of heart health guidance. Not only do they have endless resources to help you navigate life with heart disease, but they also have the hands-on manpower to quite literally walk you through it. Hosting local events like fun runs (or walks), plus galas across the country, you will never feel alone as long as you’re a part of this nonprofit.

•女人心：在美国，一个在四名妇女心脏疾病死亡，所以它理所当然有一个非营利性的完全奉献给女性对抗它。他们会让你觉得精力充沛，并在自己的健康的控制权，同时用妇女姐妹一个，谁都会浏览这个新的现实与你连接。

•The Heart Foundation：此基础上背后的力量是压倒性的发自内心的，它是在一个健康的35岁的丈夫和父亲谁遭受在篮球场上一个巨大的心脏发作的记忆开始。今天，这个基础燃料世界著名心脏病专家P.K.博士的指导下从事研究沙阿，在寻求找到阻止这些突然的悲剧更有效的方法。