让我们来谈谈心脏病

Nearly half of all American adults have some form of cardiovascular disease—an umbrella term that covers everything from high blood pressure to stroke. If you’ve been told you’re among them, you may be confused or even a little scared. That’s normal, and everyone featured on HealthCentral with a chronic condition felt just like you do now. But we—and they—are here for you. On this page alone, you’ll discover not only the realities and challenges of heart disease, but also the best treatments, helpful lifestyle changes, and critical information you need to help you not just manage—but thrive. We’re sure you’ve got a lot of questions. We’re here to answer them.

So, What Is Heart Disease, Anyway?

术语心脏疾病涵盖了hugeamount of cardiovascular territory. That’s because it’s not a single disease but one that refers to all sorts of heart-related health conditions, many of them chronic, that impact how well your heart functions.

一些心脏疾病比较常见的形式包括：

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• 冠状动脉疾病（CAD）
• Heart attack
• Congestive heart failure
• Heart valve disease
• 心房纤维性颤动和其它心律失常（不规则的心跳）
• 中风

心脏疾病占更多的死亡，每年比其他任何健康问题。根据该中心疾病控制和预防中心（CDC），有近65万人死于心脏疾病每年。这是关于一人死亡每37秒，一个令人震惊的数字，以确保万无一失。和心脏疾病不一视同仁，不管你是一个人或任何种族或民族的女人，心脑血管疾病是你的头号健康威胁。

The good news?You can do a lot to prevent heart disease。而且，如果你已经有了某种形式的这种情况，有药物治疗，生活方式，管理技巧，并帮助保护您和您的股票等战略。

How Is the Heart Supposed to Function?

Before diving into what can go wrong, let’s take a step-by-step look at the heart, what it does, and how it works:

1. A one-pound, fist-sized muscle with an oversized job, the heart is responsible for the nonstop circulation of blood throughout your body.
2. That blood passes through your arteries, veins, and capillaries that form your blood vessels. (Fun fact: According to the Cleveland Clinic, you have approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels in your body.)
3. As it flows out from your heart through the arteries in your circulatory system, blood provides oxygen and other essential nutrients to all the cells in your body.
4. Once it’s made its deliveries, blood returns via your veins to the heart, discarding toxins (via the kidneys) along the way.
5. Once back in the heart, the blood flows along to the lungs, where it disposes of carbon dioxide and restocks its supply of oxygen before cycling through your body once more.

How does your ticker make all this happen? For starters,the heart is made up of four chambers：

• On the bottom are the剩下and右心室。
• On top are the对and剩下atria。

Those chambers work in tandem, employing a system of valves that open and close as your heart beats in order to bring blood在and pump bloodout。Remember, the heart is a muscle, and when it’s healthy, it’s quite strong. As a pump, it provides sufficient pressure so that your entire blood supply cycles through your body every 60 seconds.

More heart smarts:

• A healthy adult’s heart will beat anywhere from每分钟60〜100次while lounging around. If you’re quite fit—an athlete, for example—your heart works more efficiently, and your resting heart rate may be closer to 40 beats per minute.

• 就像身体的其他部位，心脏需要以蓬勃发展的血液。事实上，它需要的血液比身体任何其他肌肉更大的供应，所以它依靠自身的冠状动脉的网络上提供血液。

• Electricity powers the beating of your heart and sets its pace. That’s a critical function. You need your heart to beat properly in order to supply your body with sufficient blood and oxygen. Your heart contracts with each beat, and the timing of those beats must remain precise so that those contractions stay in sync.

• 这些电信号起源于你的心脏的右心房，并通过您的中心自主神经系统控制，告诉你的心脏应该跳动的快慢。当你运动，你的神经系统信号的心脏，以泵出更多的血液加快。其他因素，不是所有的人健康，喜欢抽烟和过度沉迷酒精也会影响你的心脏速率。

在极其复杂的你的心脏功能的方法，这只是一个简略的勾画。不用说，也有办法在事情都可能出错，可导致心脏疾病的大量。

What Are the Types of Heart Disease?

How does your body tell you that something’s troubling your heart? It depends on the type of trouble. While some diseases that affect the heart share similar symptoms, others vary greatly. And some types of heart disease have no symptoms at all.

Let’s review some of the major types of heart disease and how to recognize them:

Hypertension

有高血压(HBD),又名高血压—which has no symptoms—ups your odds of developing numerous other types of heart disease, including CAD. It is the result of plaque buildups in your arteries that reduce the amount of blood that reaches your heart, leaving you at higher risk for heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP hardens and thickens your arteries, reducing blood flow. If you have a systolic pressure of 130 or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 80 or higher, it’s critical to reduce it.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

心脏的两个主要动脉的分支aorta, the artery that sends blood to the rest of the body. These two arteries, in turn, branch off into smaller and smaller arteries that supply the heart with blood. CAD, the most common type of heart disease, develops when your arteries can’t provide enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart. The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries.

Often, CAD is caused by plaque buildups that restrict or block the flow of blood through your blood vessels. CAD often develops over many years, even decades, and it does not always make itself known until it has progressed significantly and you’re closing in on a heart attack. At that stage, the affected blood vessel is about 70% blocked. Even people who have plaque blockages in the 40% to 50% range may have no symptoms. But when they do occur, they're typically:

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• Shortness of breath

A less common, but related, condition calledcoronary microvascular disease (MVD)or小血管病变当心脏的小动脉壁的损坏发生。，医生发现很少或没有缩小在你的心脏的主要动脉，尽管你有症状提示心脏疾病，如心绞痛后，人们常常诊断。MVD is more common in women and in people who have diabetes or HBP。The condition can be difficult to detect. Other symptoms of MVD include pain in your left arm, neck, jaw, abdomen, or back; pronounced fatigue; and shortness of breath.

Heart Attack

A heart attack occurs when the plaque in your blood vessel ruptures, causing a clot to form as the body attempts to repair the damage. This blockage cuts off blood flow to the heart, starving the muscle of needed oxygen and other nutrients.

对于男人来说，这往往突然发生;女性的症状更趋于平缓。虽然胸痛是心脏发作的男性和女性最常见的症状，其症状可能是不同的。例如，女性比男性更容易有气短，乏力，恶心和气急。男性通常遇到破碎胸痛的典型症状。男性也比女性更可能有心脏突然发作;妇女在另一方面，有症状的发展可能性较高历时数小时，数天，甚至数周。

无论哪种方式，共同症状心脏发作的包括：

• Angina, a radiating chest pain and pressure that can feel as if an elephant is sitting on your chest

• Shortness of breath

• Nausea

• 消化不良

• Heartburn

• Abdominal pain

• Fatigue

• 头晕和眩晕

• 吓出一身冷汗

Congestive Heart Failure

This progressive disease occurs when your ticker’s ability to pump blood starts to decline. CAD, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure are among the common causes of heart failure—so it doesn’t happen overnight. As your heart can no longer pump as well as it used to, the blood that would normally cycle through it can get backed up. Your kidneys also filter less blood, leading to fluid retention and swelling in your extremities.

Several different symptoms can get worse as heart failure progresses. Some of the most common:

• Shortness of breath due to an inadequate supply of blood reaching the rest of your body or a buildup of fluid in the lungs, often accompanied by a cough or wheezing
• Swelling in your legs, ankles, and abdomen caused by fluid buildup, accompanied by rapid weight gain.
• Extreme fatigue due to the reduced amount of oxygen-rich blood being delivered to your organs and muscles
• 因为消化问题食欲和恶心的损失引起的血流量减少
• 增加心脏率

Heart Valve Disease

As its name implies, heart valve disease involves the system of four valves that helps regulate the flow of blood through the heart. For example, one of your valves might narrow to the point that a reduced amount of blood can pass through it. This is calledvalvular stenosis。

当你的心脏的阀门之一停止正常工作，各种症状，其中许多类似的心脏衰竭，可能会出现，其中包括：

• 胸部不适
• 心脏心悸
• 增加呼吸急促of breath
• 肿胀在你的腹部，踝关节和脚
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• 眩晕和/或晕厥
• Rapid weight gain

Arrhythmias

An abnormal heartbeat, called an arrhythmia, can trigger a variety of symptoms, some benign, some dangerous, depending on which kind of arrhythmia you have.Tachycardia, for example, accelerates your heartbeat to a too-fast rhythm, whilebradycardia减缓下来。双方有时是危险的，导致中风和其他并发症的风险较高，但并非总是如此。如果您遇到任何心律失常的类型，一定要与你的医生咨询。

心房颤动is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia, with anywhere between 2.7 and 6.1 million Americans currently sharing a diagnosis of it. (As the U.S. population ages, that number is expected to increase, reports the CDC.) A-fib, as it’s often called, causes your heart to beat erratically—it can feel like it is skipping beats—rather than rhythmically. In some cases, abnormal heartbeats are not a cause of concern, but other times they can lead to stroke, heart failure, or even cardiac arrest, a quickly fatal event in which the heart stops beating. It’s important to get to the root of A-fib, so you know whether or not your symptoms require treatment.

在一般情况下，心跳异常也导致其他形式的心脏疾病，包括许多共同的症状：

• Shortness of breath
• 胸部不适
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• 头晕和头晕

中风

A stroke occurs when your heart’s blood supply gets cut off, denying it the oxygen it needs to keep working. This can cause brain tissue to begin to die within a few minutes. Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the U.S., accounting for one out of every 20 deaths that occur in this country annually, and it’s the leading cause of serious long-term disability, according to the CDC.

A stroke can greatly affect the brain. You may have trouble understanding what others are saying, you may slur your speech, and you may experience confusion.

其他症状包括：

• 瘫痪或麻木，经常对你的身体只有一面，通常影响面部，胳膊和腿
• 视力问题，可能会模糊或玷污你的视力在一只或两只眼睛，和/或复视
• Sudden and severe headache, which may be accompanied by vomiting
• Dizziness
• 平衡问题，使人们走路困难

If you are experiencing stroke symptoms or recognize them in others, think F.A.S.T.:

• Face drooping
• Arm weakness
• Speech difficulty
• Time to call 911

There aretwo major types of strokeplus a third, less-severe kind:

• 缺血性中风：These account for nearly 90% of strokes, and they happen when a blood vessel in your brain becomes blocked by a clot. These clots can develop in the brain, known as athrombotic stroke, or they can result from the same plaque that causes CAD and travel from the heart to the brain. This is called栓塞性中风。
• Hemorrhagic stroke:The most serious type of stroke, it occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain suddenly bursts. Not only does this cut off much needed oxygen, it also causes pressure to build up in the surrounding tissue, leading to harmful swelling and irritation. The bleeding can occur inside the brain, which is called an在tracerebral hemorrhage，或者它可以在大脑和它周围的膜之间的空间发生。这就是所谓的subarachnoid hemorrhage。
• 短暂性脑缺血中风：Also referred to as a小中风, these cause stroke symptoms but do not damage the brain. They are temporary, lasting as little as five minutes. However, they are a warning sign that a full-blown stroke is in your future.

是什么原因导致心脏病？

Let’s go back to the good news: About four out of five cases of heart disease can be prevented. That’s because it’s most often caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and by other health conditions that can arise, including diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), that can arise from these choices. While it’s never too late to make positive, healthy changes, the sooner you begin, the better.

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

进入的危险因素，你可以努力减少之前，让我们覆盖少数，你不能做任何事情。

• Age

  This one’s pretty simple. The older you get, the likelier you are to develop heart disease. In fact, more than 80% people who die from heart disease are older than 65, because the heart tends to grow weaker as you move into your golden years.

• 性别

  虽然心脏疾病可能是死亡男性和女性人数的原因，它往往会在以后的妇女发展。为什么？专家认为，激素如雌激素，这些妇女在更大的丰度高于男性，可以提供对心脏疾病一些保护。然而，这些激素在更年期下降。65岁时，心脏疾病的一个女人的赔率匹配那些年龄相仿的男子。

• Genetics and Family History

  It’s true: Heart disease tends to run in the family. Did your dad develop heart disease before the age of 55 or your mom before she turned 65? If so, your own risk is higher than normal because one or both of your parents may have passed along a genetic ingredient in the recipe for heart disease.

• 更年期提前

  根据一个2019研究The Lancet Public Health通过“变”去之前，谁经历更年期提前的女性的大约10％之间的心脏疾病，如CAD，心脏衰竭，心律不齐的40岁的风险增加，和心脏瓣膜病。目前还不清楚为什么，但在雌激素的下降可能是一个因素。

These four factors make up only part of the complex swirl of possible causes of heart disease. You can’t change your genes or age, but don’t despair. Instead, use that knowledge as motivation to解决你的风险can更改。These include:

• High Blood Pressure (HBP)

  Having hypertension, a.k.a. high blood pressure, is a red flag for other forms of heart disease, increasing your risk for CAD, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP results from plaque buildups in your arteries, thickening them and reducing blood flow.

• High Cholesterol

  不健康的胆固醇水平有助于你的血管阻塞，最终可导致心脏发作。你的身体产生胆固醇自然，我们都需要它来做出重要的激素和吸收的维生素d，但它很容易得到比你更需要通过吃食物中的饱和脂肪和反式高（如红肉，蛋类和奶制品）。有两种类型的胆固醇：低密度脂蛋白（LDL或“坏”胆固醇）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL或“好”胆固醇）。LDL有助于你的动脉斑块集结。HDL在运送过剩LDL要处理废物肝脏防止心脏疾病。

• Obesity

  你的心脏肥胖的力量更加努力地工作，因为你的身体需要更多的氧气和营养，你的血液供应。这导致血压高。多余的体重也增加了风险的心脏疾病，或使事情变得更糟，如果你已经有了他们，包括高胆固醇和2型糖尿病。肥胖已被证实与心脏衰竭和CAD。

• Diabetes

  Type 1and2型糖尿病both limit your body’s ability to maintain a healthy level of glucose, a form of sugar that your body produces and uses for energy. Uncontrolled blood glucose damages your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart, eventually leading to heart disease. In fact, as many as three out of four people with diabetes die from some form of heart disease.

• Physical Inactivity

  The couch potato life not only directly puts you at higher risk of heart disease, it opens the door to other risk factors like HBP, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes.

• Smoking or Vaping

  Lighting up does more than damage your lungs. It accelerates your heartbeat while narrowing your blood vessels and contributes to the formation of blood clots that can lead to heart attack or stroke. Less is known about the risks of vaping, but many of the chemicals involved have been linked to heart disease.

• Stress

  Pressure and tension can elevate your heart rate and blood pressure—and too much eventually damages your blood vessels. Stress also can lead some people to abuse alcohol and eat too much, as well as smoke. (And, remember,anyamount of smoking or vaping is too much.)

• 饮酒

  Too much alcohol also can harm your heart. Excessive drinking ups your blood pressure and heart rate as well as your triglycerides, a type of fat linked to heart disease, because they may contribute to hardening and thickening of your arteries.

• Sleep Apnea

  这种睡眠障碍导致呼吸困难哟u sleep, reducing the amount of oxygen to your blood and raising your blood pressure. Together, these can weaken your heart and put you at heightened risk chronic HBP, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Heart Disease?

在我们进入你的医生将如何决定你是否有心脏疾病，让我们做一两件事很清楚：诊断是医生的工作。如果你有心脏发作的症状，如呼吸急促或胸痛，不要浪费时间搜索互联网，以找出问题。立即拨打911。你的行为如何快也许会挽救你的生命。

However, cardiac arrest is just one of many potentially serious heart concerns. Diagnosing heart disease involves a range of screening tests and, sometimes, tracking devices, too. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, your health history, and any risk factors you may have. He or she will also give you a physical exam in order to listen to your heart, check its rhythm and the timing of your pulse, and look for signs of swelling and accompanying weight gain due to fluid buildup in the hands, feet, legs, or abdomen—a possible indication of heart failure or heart valve disease.

You may undergo a variety of blood tests to measure your:

• Cholesterol levels,which include your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and non-HDL, your total cholesterol minus your HDL, which many experts believe is a better indicator of heart disease risk than the ratio of good to bad cholesterol.
• 甘油三酯，a type of fat found in the blood; high “tri” levels signal heart disease.
• 高灵敏度的C-反应蛋白，这是在主体（不一定是心脏）炎症某处的指示。高水平可能表明，慢性炎症性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎或狼疮）的存在，这也可以增加你的心脏疾病和中风的风险。
• 等离子神经酰胺，或脂肪分子，整个身体中蓄积炎症，高胆固醇和甘油三酯，以及其他心脏疾病风险的结果。他们散发在你的血液，并已与斑块集结。
• 利钠肽，which are proteins produced in your heart and blood vessels; high levels indicate heart failure.
• Troponin T,which is a protein released by the heart when it's injured, such as after a heart attack; it can confirm one has indeed occurred or is occurring, especially when you have chest pain but no other heart attack symptoms. (Troponin levels may also be tested to help diagnose other types of heart disease, such as heart failure.)

除了上述测量，你可以给予非侵入性诊断测试或工具montior你的心脏节律。它们包括：

• Chest X-ray,它提供了心脏和肺的视图，允许医生以识别心脏衰竭，的迹象，如在肺流体或心脏扩大
• Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scans,它创建你的心脏的三维图像，帮助医生发现冠状动脉疾病（CAD），心脏瓣膜问题，和其他心脏问题
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),which provides 2D and 3D images of your heart and blood vessels that may reveal tissue damage caused by a heart attack, reduced blood flow, blocked arteries, heart failure, and more
• Electrocardiogram (EKG),这是一个常规的，非侵入性的，无痛的筛选所产生与每次心跳测量的电信号;它是用来检测的强度和这些信号的时序，以帮助查明违规心脏发作，心律不齐，心脏衰竭，和其他类型的心脏问题。
• Holter monitorsor事件记录，如果你的心电图过程中不发生心律失常的或不规则的心脏活动，其使用，和你的医生希望，而你去你的日常生活中来监视你的心脏活动。Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• Implantable loop recorders,which are used if you have infrequent symptoms of arrhythmia, and your doctor is trying to capture what type of arrhythmia you have. This device is implanted just under the skin on your chest, enabling your doctor to record your heart’s rhythms whenever you experience symptoms—even in the middle of the night or when you’re in the shower. Your cardiologist will track your heart’s activities for up to three years, with the chip recording a continual log for your doctor to review. When the device is removed, it may leave a slight scar—but you’ll likely know exactly what kind of arrhythmia you’re dealing with, and how it should be treated.
• An exercise stress test,which is given while you are hooked up to a heart monitor, and is done during a standard cardiac exam. To do one, you walk on a treadmill, gradually increasing your pace and the incline until it feels like you’re walking up a small hill. This makes your heart work harder. Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate, and any discomfort you feel to identify signs of coronary artery disease.
• 超声心动图，这是由声波反射你的心脏的各个部分作品心脏的超声检查。它是无副作用无痛测试或使用辐射。你的医生会放置一个棍形装置在你的胸部。它发出将反弹你的心脏的声波被记录下来，转换成你的股票的详细图片，这将有助于你的医生发现任何问题，如错误的阀门或感染的迹象。
• Carotidand腹部超声，用于评估你的中风风险或screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, respectively—and they both use sound waves, too. During this safe, painless, and non-invasive test, a gel is spread over your neck, where your carotid artery can be found, or your abdomen. An instrument sends sound waves through the gel, which then bounce back and form an image of the part of your body under examination.

You may be given more invasive diagnostic tests, too, to screen for heart disease. They include:

• 心导管检查，其用于诊断CAD的黄金标准。在此过程中，你会清醒，你可能会感到一些压力，但不痛。你的医生将之前收到局部麻醉管，或护套，进入血管，导致你的心脏。接下来，导管，插入管，前往你的心脏。它提供了一个特殊的染料显示出来的X光片可以让你的医生，以评估血流。导管的尖端可以用来衡量你的每一个心脏的腔，以及在血管连接到你的心脏的压力。它也可以帮助诊断阀门问题，并确定心脏缺陷。
• Coronary angiography,which is performed at the same time as cardiac catheterization. A special dye gets injected into your coronary arteries via a catheter. That dye, which can be viewed on an x-ray, shows your doctor where, exactly, your arteries are blocked.
• 电（EP）的研究，通过插入电极导管插入血管（通常在腹股沟），导致你的心脏为了记录你的心脏的电活动和/或触发心律不齐识别电流的具体途径来完成。所谓的过程ablation-where流氓电通路被密封，以防止某些类型的心律不齐的发生，可以在EP研究期间进行。

如何心脏病治疗？

There is no cure for heart disease. That said, there’s a lot youcan这样做尽管有它很好地生活。治疗心脏疾病可以包括生活方式的改变，药物治疗，有时手术，但这种条件或条件，而-从来都不是一个一刀切。您个人的计划将根据许多因素，如您的年龄，整体健康状况，以及其他慢性疾病（如糖尿病或肾脏疾病），你可能有。

生活方式的变迁对心脏病

You know the drill: Eat better, exercise, lose weight, and quit smoking. We know—easier said than done, but so worth it. That’s because the everyday choices you make today can halt the progression of heart disease tomorrow—leading to a healthier and likely longer life.

让我们通过基本的生活方式的选择，你可以实现，以帮助发生：

• Lower your cholesterol.Cut back and avoid plaque buildup by swapping red meats for lean poultry and fish, consuming fibrous veggies and whole grains, and limiting (or even avoiding altogether) the saturated and trans fats found in fried and processed foods. Additional ways to get your cholesterol in check? Lose a few pounds, exercise more, and if that still isn’t enough, talk to your doctor about medication.

• Lower your blood pressure.The same lifestyle changes that help bring down unhealthy cholesterol levels can also help manage your blood pressure, often in tandem with one of the various blood-pressure lowering medications available.

• Do everything you can do to quit smoking.我们知道，这真的很难。但是我们也知道吸烟causes lung cancer and seriously hurts your heart. Plus, a nicotine or vaping habit damages your arteries, ups your risk of dangerous blood clots, raises your heart rate, and contributes to HBP and high cholesterol. So make quitting smoking your top priority. Going cold turkey works for some, while others have to slowly wean themselves from lighting up with the help of nicotine patches and other aids, including medications and support groups. Your doctor can walk you through your options, so have that conversation as soon as possible. Visit the American Heart Association to learn more abouthow to quit。

• Get moving.Physical activity of just about any kind beats the couch potato life. That’s because exercise strengthens your heart muscle so that it can do its job more efficiently. It helps lower your cholesterol, blood pressure, and, if you have diabetes, blood sugar levels, too. An added benefit? Breaking a sweat leads to a slimmer, fitter you. Exactly how much exercise you can do depends on your current state of health. Talk to your doctor, who might advise you to start slow and gradually build up endurance. If a walk around the block is your limit, that’s OK—lace up your shoes and get going. Tomorrow, you’ll likely go even further. If you’re recovering from a serious heart issue, cardiac rehabilitation programs can get you started safely.

• Eat less, and eat better.Changing how you stock your fridge and pantry is often connected to lowering your cholesterol levels—so follow the same advice: Try high-fiber foods, lean proteins, vegetables, and whole grains, and skip overly processed junk food and fried fare. If you need guidance, consider enlisting a registered dietitian/nutritionist to outline a healthy eating plan for you—and provide strategies to stick with your plan to reach your goals.

• Lose weight.它不能被夸大：超重或肥胖是很难对你的心脏。基于相对于你的身高体重，你的身体质量指数（BMI）措施身体脂肪。25至29的BMI认为是超重。你被认为是肥胖，如果你的体重指数为30或更高。虽然使用BMI已经由研究人员最近提出质疑，部分原因是因为即使是超适合和肌肉结合的可能在技术上有“不健康” BMI数字，一些医生仍然使用它作为指导。越来越多，但是，医生们当体内多余的脂肪集中在你的腰部，很可能是因为大量的腹部脂肪会导致慢性炎症，心脏疾病的危险因素有关。结果？你的血压和胆固醇上升和熬夜，你想都不发生。

  如果你的心脏健康处于危险中，你会发现减肥缓慢和安全是一个不可能完成的任务，考虑保护注册营养师的服务，或询问您的医生，如果胃绕道手术是适合你的。

• Manage your diabetes.Diabetes和心脏病是一个致命的组合。人with diabetes have as much as four times the risk of dying from heart disease than someone without this condition. This is in part due to the effect diabetes has on your blood vessels, and also because many other health conditions often accompany diabetes, including HBP, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Controlling your diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes benefits your heart.

• 考虑药物治疗for heart disease, if you need them. Many drugs treat coronary artery disease, or CAD. (Remember, CAD occurs when your arteries become clogged with plaque, restricting the flow of blood.) Here are the more commonly prescribed types of medication for CAD and other heart ailments:

  • 降胆固醇药物，like statins, lower the amount of plaque-forming materials in your bloodstream.
  • Anti-coagulants (a.k.a. blood thinners)help prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots in your arteries, where they would block the flow of blood.
  • Anti-platelets,在cluding aspirin, also help prevent clots from forming.
  • Beta blockers既降低血压，降低你的心脏速率。这，反过来，会导致你的心脏的需要氧气下降。
  • 钙通道阻断剂经常使用串联β受体阻滞剂。他们降低血压和心脏率，同时为了放松动脉刺激血液流向心脏。
  • Nitroglycerineases chest pain, or angina, caused by restricted blood flow to the heart. It works by allowing more oxygen-rich blood into your heart.
  • ACE inhibitorslower blood pressure and ease the heart’s workload, which helps prevent further weakening of the heart.

Heart failure as well as heart valve disease are both treated with some of the same medications, such as diuretics, which help rid your body of excess fluids. In heart failure, for example, fluid can build up in your lungs and make it difficult to breathe. You may also be prescribed digitalis, a type of drug that strengthens the contractions of your heart and lowers your heart rate. Beta blockers and anti-clotting medications are also among the drugs that may be used to treat both conditions.

手术治疗心脏病

A wide range of surgical options also exists when heart disease requires more aggressive treatment, including:

• Angioplasty被执行以减轻动脉阻塞内胸痛和增加血流。通过你的血管的地步堵塞找到你的医生边线长，细管。接着，放气的气囊被引导到堵塞的点，并且是简要地充气到加宽通道。与此同时，你可能有一个网状支架永久放置在堵塞的部位，以保持它打开。
• 冠状动脉搭桥grafting is done to re-route the flow of blood. Your surgeon will take a healthy blood vessel from your chest, leg, or arm, and connect it to a point beyond the blockage, allowing it to bypass the blockage in your artery.
• 激光心肌血运重建is a treatment for angina that involves using a laser to make channels in the heart muscle and left ventricle in order to let more oxygen-rich blood into the heart. It’s not well-understood why this procedure eases chest pain. And, according to the American College of Cardiology, its safety concerns often outweigh the potential benefits of the procedure.
• Heart valve repair or replacement当心脏瓣膜不再正常工作就完成了。该阀可通过外科手术来修复或用合成或生物瓣膜替换。后者可以从猪，牛或人心脏组织制成，并且可以包括合成部件，以及。导管也可用于运作不良的阀门。
• Implants for arrhythmia,如心脏起搏器或植入式心律转复除颤（ICD）植入药物时没有充分恢复心脏的正常节律。无论是在时间恢复心脏的适当节奏时，你的心跳变得危险不规则。
• Surgical placement of a ventricular assist device是涉及植入机械，电池供电设备，帮助一个或两个心室的时候，他们可以不再做了充分的工作因心脏衰竭的过程。通常情况下，他们在心脏移植前的时期植入。
• 心脏移殖is done during the last stage of heart disease, replacing your diseased heart with a healthy heart from a donor who has recently died.

什么是生命一样有心脏病？

You’ve received your diagnosis of heart disease, and your doctor has presented you with a treatment plan. What’s next? How much of your old life will you be able to get back? Living with heart disease has challenges—some physical, some emotional, some big, some small. Your goal: to take care ofall你和你的生活最好的生活。

Your Emotional Life

If you’re not doing well emotionally, you might struggle with all of the other aspects of your treatment, from eating right and exercising to taking your medications. Often, depression is to blame. In fact, about one in five heart disease patients develops serious depression, while many others have milder cases. Research is mixed on why this is, although some scientists believe inflammation is involved. Fortunately, counseling and medication can help. Talk to your doctor if you feel down, unmotivated, or discouraged for more than a week.

你的压力水平

Heart disease can feel scary. But those worries can overwhelm you and interfere with enjoying your life. If you struggle with anxiety, try to shift your focus to what’s happening today rather than looking with worry at the future. Talk about your concerns with friends and family and ask them for support. And consider joining a support group to connect with others who face the same struggles that you do. Join theAmerican Heart Association's Support Network。

你的活动水平

经常运动和其他体力活动帮助你的心脏。150分钟的运动最小不仅会提高你的心脏功能。它也可以使你停止服用一些你的心脏药物。但首先，请医生什么运动是适合你的。

Your Work Life

If you’re recovering from a heart attack or surgery, it may be a few weeks before you can return to your job, but you’ll likely be able to pick up right where you left off. Of course, it depends on the job—if your current one puts too much strain on your heart—physical and, perhaps mental, in the form of stress--you may have to dial back your workload. The Americans with Disabilities Act, a federal law, offersworkplace protections对于患有心脏疾病。

你的性生活

您可能需要等待长达六个星期你恢复你的性生活，只有你的医生可以告诉你之前，当你可以安全地回归浪漫。多长时间禁欲持续时间将取决于你的症状，像挥之不去的胸痛或其他并发症。要获得全清楚，你可能要经历一个运动负荷试验来测量处理任何欠的表行动你的心脏的能力。

Return to the Road

Before you climb behind the steering wheel, check your state’s regulations for driving after a serious illness. Also, if you have symptoms like chest pain, don’t drive until they clear up.

获得帮助，如果你需要它

你可以的kickstart你的新生活心脏康复。This is a medically supervised program that typically lasts for three months. Working with doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, dietitians and mental health counselors, you will receive exercise training, lessons in healthy eating, methods to reduce stress, and other education designed to help you reduce your risk of worsening heart health.

Remember, you and over 121 million other Americans are facing some type of heart disease together—so you’re not—and never will be—alone in this. We’ve got you.

在哪里可以找到我的心脏病社区？

With half of the American population affected by some sort of cardiovascular disease, one thing's for sure—you are not alone. And we’ve got your heart-community covered, whether you're in the mood for a podcast to help you better understand your new (and necessary) lifestyle changes; a support group that's been there, lived that, and wants to pay the guidance forward; or an organization who will not only support you with research but will also invite you to a fun run.

Top Heart Disease Instagrammers：

•史蒂芬烧伤，@that_heart_guy：随着他的皮带七枝开，心脏手术，他知道一两件事有关的人的生活，每天谁需要对心脏的寿命（双关语意）。他进的最好的事情，除了他的优雅和指导，是心脏的战士，他在常规功能。这是一个自我感觉良好的鼓舞人心的饲料，如果有曾经是一个。

•Star Jones, @starjonesesq：You know her for her beaming smile and her seat at the table onThe View—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

•Alin Gragossian, @a_change_of_heart_blog, achangeofhe.art/blog：图片这样的：一个完全健康的30岁的医生谁从来没有比阑尾炎发作以外的任何健康问题。如何在地球上，那么，为什么她成为一个心脏移植病人过夜？她的亲身经历，与她的专业POV混合，使得她的饲料和博客不休迷人 - 不要担心，她会告诉你她的故事的每一个位。

Top Heart Disease-Related Podcasts：

•Love Your Heart: A Cleveland Clinic Podcast：Your many Qs, answered by experts. Trending topics, diets, and public health scares—discussed by experts. All things heart, all the time, brought to you from, yes, the专家at the Cleveland Clinic, presented in layman’s terms.

•来自美国心脏协会胆固醇播客（AHA): By now you should know that a huge factor in heart disease is the health of your heart, your diet, and your cholesterol. The AHA gives tips on how to better manage your LDLs and HDLs through these informative podcasts.

•Plant Proof - Plant-Based Nutrition & Inspirational Stories：Hosted by Simon Hill, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and certified in plant-based nutrition (it’s a thing), this podcast hones in one the biggest lifestyle change you will be forced to make if you have heart disease: diet. Episodes feature diet approaches, people who have tried them, and guidance for how you can get in on the action.

Top Heart Disease Nonprofits：

•American Heart Association：They make two appearances in this line-up, and for good reason. The AHA is the bees knees of heart health guidance. Not only do they have endless resources to help you navigate life with heart disease, but they also have the hands-on manpower to quite literally walk you through it. Hosting local events like fun runs (or walks), plus galas across the country, you will never feel alone as long as you’re a part of this nonprofit.

•女人心：在美国，一个在四名妇女心脏疾病死亡，所以它理所当然有一个非营利性的完全奉献给女性对抗它。他们会让你觉得精力充沛，并在自己的健康的控制权，同时用妇女姐妹一个，谁都会浏览这个新的现实与你连接。

•心脏基金会：The power behind this foundation is overwhelmingly heartfelt—it was started in memory of a healthy 35-year-old husband and father who suffered a massive heart attack on the basketball court. Today, this foundation fuels research under the direction of world-renowned cardiologist Dr. P.K. Shah, in the quest to find more effective ways to prevent these sudden tragedies.