让我们来谈谈心脏病

将近一半的美国成年人有某种形式的心血管疾病的总称，涵盖了从高血压中风。如果你已经告诉你其中的，你可能会混淆，甚至有点害怕。这是正常的，每个人都特色在HealthCentral有一种慢性疾病，感觉就像你现在要做的。但是，我们和他们，在这里为您服务。单就这个页面，你会发现不仅是你需要帮助你不只是管理，但蓬勃发展的现实和心脏疾病的挑战，但也是最好的治疗方法，乐于助人的生活方式的改变，以及关键信息。我们相信你已经得到了很多的问题。我们在这里为大家解答。

So, What Is Heart Disease, Anyway?

术语心脏疾病涵盖了huge达心血管领土。这是因为它不是一个单一的疾病，而是一个指的是各种心脏相关的疾病，其中许多慢性，这种影响有多好你的心脏功能。

一些心脏疾病比较常见的形式包括：

• 高血压（血压高）
• 冠状动脉疾病（CAD）
• 心脏病发作
• Congestive heart failure
• Heart valve disease
• 心房纤维性颤动和其它心律失常（不规则的心跳）
• 中风

心脏疾病占更多的死亡，每年比其他任何健康问题。根据该中心疾病控制和预防中心（CDC），有近65万人死于心脏疾病每年。这是关于一人死亡每37秒，一个令人震惊的数字，以确保万无一失。和心脏疾病不一视同仁，不管你是一个人或任何种族或民族的女人，心脑血管疾病是你的头号健康威胁。

好消息？You can do a lot to prevent heart disease。And, if you already have some form of this condition, there are medications, lifestyle-management tips, and other strategies to help protect you and your ticker.

How Is the Heart Supposed to Function?

Before diving into what can go wrong, let’s take a step-by-step look at the heart, what it does, and how it works:

1. 一个超大的工作一磅，拳头大小的肌肉，心脏是负责血液整个身体的不间断循环。
2. That blood passes through your arteries, veins, and capillaries that form your blood vessels. (Fun fact: According to the Cleveland Clinic, you have approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels in your body.)
3. 当它从你的心脏通过你的血液循环系统的动脉流出，血液提供氧气和其他必需的营养素在人体的所有细胞。
4. Once it’s made its deliveries, blood returns via your veins to the heart, discarding toxins (via the kidneys) along the way.
5. Once back in the heart, the blood flows along to the lungs, where it disposes of carbon dioxide and restocks its supply of oxygen before cycling through your body once more.

How does your ticker make all this happen? For starters,the heart is made up of four chambers：

• On the bottom are the剩下and对ventricles。
• 在顶部是对and剩下atria。

Those chambers work in tandem, employing a system of valves that open and close as your heart beats in order to bring blood在and pump bloodout。Remember, the heart is a muscle, and when it’s healthy, it’s quite strong. As a pump, it provides sufficient pressure so that your entire blood supply cycles through your body every 60 seconds.

More heart smarts:

• A healthy adult’s heart will beat anywhere from每分钟60〜100次while lounging around. If you’re quite fit—an athlete, for example—your heart works more efficiently, and your resting heart rate may be closer to 40 beats per minute.

• 就像身体的其他部位，心脏需要以蓬勃发展的血液。事实上，它需要的血液比身体任何其他肌肉更大的供应，所以它依靠自身的冠状动脉的网络上提供血液。

• 电力大国的心脏跳动，并设置它的步伐。这是一个关键的功能。你需要你的心脏，以便有足够的血液和氧气供应你的身体正常跳动。随节拍，和这些节拍的时间你的心脏收缩时必须保持精确，使这些收缩保持同步。

• These electrical signals originate in your heart’s right atrium and are controlled by your central autonomic nervous system, telling your heart how fast or slow it should beat. When you exercise, your nervous system signals your heart to speed up in order to pump more blood. Other factors—not all of them healthy, like smoking and over-indulging in alcohol—can also affect your heart rate.

在极其复杂的你的心脏功能的方法，这只是一个简略的勾画。不用说，也有办法在事情都可能出错，可导致心脏疾病的大量。

What Are the Types of Heart Disease?

How does your body tell you that something’s troubling your heart? It depends on the type of trouble. While some diseases that affect the heart share similar symptoms, others vary greatly. And some types of heart disease have no symptoms at all.

Let’s review some of the major types of heart disease and how to recognize them:

高血压

有血压高（HBD），又称高血压 - 这没有任何症状起坐你患上许多其他类型的心脏疾病，包括冠心病的几率。这是你的动脉降低血液到达你的心脏，让你在为心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险较高量斑块集结的结果。HBP变硬变厚你的动脉，血流量减少。如果你有130或更高的收缩压，或80或更高的舒张压，这是至关重要的，以减少它。

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

心脏的两大动脉从主动脉分支，发送血液到身体的其他部位动脉。这两条大动脉，又分支成小动脉是供应血液的心脏。CAD，最常见的类型心脏疾病，开发时，你的动脉无法为您的心脏提供足够的富含氧气的血液。心脏免受冠状动脉接收其自己的血液供应。

Often, CAD is caused by plaque buildups that restrict or block the flow of blood through your blood vessels. CAD often develops over many years, even decades, and it does not always make itself known until it has progressed significantly and you’re closing in on a heart attack. At that stage, the affected blood vessel is about 70% blocked. Even people who have plaque blockages in the 40% to 50% range may have no symptoms. But when they do occur, they're typically:

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• 气促

A less common, but related, condition called冠状动脉微血管病变（MVD）orsmall vessel disease当心脏的小动脉壁的损坏发生。，医生发现很少或没有缩小在你的心脏的主要动脉，尽管你有症状提示心脏疾病，如心绞痛后，人们常常诊断。MVD is more common in women and in people who have diabetes or HBP。条件可以是难以察觉。MVD的其他症状包括在你的左胳膊疼痛，颈部，下巴，腹部或背部;明显疲劳;和气短。

心脏病发作

A heart attack occurs when the plaque in your blood vessel ruptures, causing a clot to form as the body attempts to repair the damage. This blockage cuts off blood flow to the heart, starving the muscle of needed oxygen and other nutrients.

对于男人来说，这往往突然发生;女性的症状更趋于平缓。虽然胸痛是心脏发作的男性和女性最常见的症状，其症状可能是不同的。例如，女性比男性更容易有气短，乏力，恶心和气急。男性通常遇到破碎胸痛的典型症状。男性也比女性更可能有心脏突然发作;妇女在另一方面，有症状的发展可能性较高历时数小时，数天，甚至数周。

Either way, common症状心脏发作的包括：

• 心绞痛，辐射胸痛和压力，可以感觉好像大象坐在你的胸部

• 气促

• Nausea

• 消化不良

• 胃灼热

• Abdominal pain

• 疲劳

• 头晕和眩晕

• 吓出一身冷汗

Congestive Heart Failure

This progressive disease occurs when your ticker’s ability to pump blood starts to decline. CAD, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure are among the common causes of heart failure—so it doesn’t happen overnight. As your heart can no longer pump as well as it used to, the blood that would normally cycle through it can get backed up. Your kidneys also filter less blood, leading to fluid retention and swelling in your extremities.

Several different symptoms can get worse as heart failure progresses. Some of the most common:

• 气促due to an inadequate supply of blood reaching the rest of your body or a buildup of fluid in the lungs, often accompanied by a cough or wheezing
• 肿胀你的腿，脚踝和腹部造成积水，并伴有体重迅速增加。
• Extreme fatigue due to the reduced amount of oxygen-rich blood being delivered to your organs and muscles
• Loss of appetite and nausea because of digestive problems caused by the reduced flow of blood
• 增加心脏率

Heart Valve Disease

As its name implies, heart valve disease involves the system of four valves that helps regulate the flow of blood through the heart. For example, one of your valves might narrow to the point that a reduced amount of blood can pass through it. This is called瓣狭窄。

当你的心脏的阀门之一停止正常工作，各种症状，其中许多类似的心脏衰竭，可能会出现，其中包括：

• 胸部不适
• 心脏心悸
• 呼吸急促增加
• 肿胀在你的腹部，踝关节和脚
• 疲劳
• Weakness
• 眩晕和/或晕厥
• Rapid weight gain

心律失常

心跳异常，称为心律失常，可引起各种症状，有些是良性的，一些危险的，这取决于一种心律失常你有哪些。Tachycardia, for example, accelerates your heartbeat to a too-fast rhythm, whilebradycardia减缓下来。双方有时是危险的，导致中风和其他并发症的风险较高，但并非总是如此。如果您遇到任何心律失常的类型，一定要与你的医生咨询。

心房颤动是最常见的类型的持续性心律失常，具有在2.7和6.1万美国人目前共享它的诊断的任何地方。（随着美国人口的老龄化，这一数字预计将增加，报告疾病预防控制中心）A-FIB，因为它通常被称为，使你的心脏跳动不规律，就可以感觉它是跳跃的节拍，而不是节奏。在某些情况下，异常心跳都没有引起人们的关注，但其他时候他们可能会导致中风，心脏衰竭，甚至心脏骤停，在心脏停止跳动一个快速致命事件。去A-FIB的根，所以你知道你的症状是否不需要治疗是很重要的。

在一般情况下，心跳异常也导致其他形式的心脏疾病，包括许多共同的症状：

• 气促
• 胸部不适
• 疲劳
• Weakness
• 头晕和胸闷

中风

当你的心脏的血液供应被切断，否认它需要保持工作中的氧发生中风。这可能会导致脑组织开始在几分钟内死亡。中风是在美国死亡的第五大原因，占一出来，每年发生在这个国家每20人死亡，这是严重的长期残疾的主要原因，根据CDC。

中风可以极大地影响大脑。你可能不理解别人说的话，你可能会含糊的讲话，你可能会遇到的困惑。

其他症状包括：

• 瘫痪或麻木，经常对你的身体只有一面，通常影响面部，胳膊和腿
• 视力问题，可能会模糊或玷污你的视力在一只或两只眼睛，和/或复视
• 突然和剧烈的头痛，可以通过呕吐伴随
• Dizziness
• 平衡问题，使人们走路困难

If you are experiencing stroke symptoms or recognize them in others, think F.A.S.T.:

• Face drooping
• Arm weakness
• Speech difficulty
• 时间拨打911

There aretwo major types of strokeplus a third, less-severe kind:

• 缺血性中风：These account for nearly 90% of strokes, and they happen when a blood vessel in your brain becomes blocked by a clot. These clots can develop in the brain, known as athrombotic stroke, or they can result from the same plaque that causes CAD and travel from the heart to the brain. This is calledembolic stroke。
• Hemorrhagic stroke:The most serious type of stroke, it occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain suddenly bursts. Not only does this cut off much needed oxygen, it also causes pressure to build up in the surrounding tissue, leading to harmful swelling and irritation. The bleeding can occur inside the brain, which is called an脑出血，或者它可以在大脑和它周围的膜之间的空间发生。这就是所谓的蛛网膜下腔出血。
• 短暂性脑缺血中风：Also referred to as amini-stroke, these cause stroke symptoms but do not damage the brain. They are temporary, lasting as little as five minutes. However, they are a warning sign that a full-blown stroke is in your future.

是什么原因导致心脏病？

Let’s go back to the good news: About four out of five cases of heart disease can be prevented. That’s because it’s most often caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and by other health conditions that can arise, including diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), that can arise from these choices. While it’s never too late to make positive, healthy changes, the sooner you begin, the better.

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

进入的危险因素，你可以努力减少之前，让我们覆盖少数，你不能做任何事情。

• Age

  这其中的很简单。你的年龄越大，更有可能你患心脏疾病。事实上，超过80％的人谁的心脏疾病死亡的年龄超过65岁，因为心脏往往会变得脆弱了，你进入你的黄金岁月。

• 性别

  虽然心脏疾病可能是死亡男性和女性人数的原因，它往往会在以后的妇女发展。为什么？专家认为，激素如雌激素，这些妇女在更大的丰度高于男性，可以提供对心脏疾病一些保护。然而，这些激素在更年期下降。65岁时，心脏疾病的一个女人的赔率匹配那些年龄相仿的男子。

• Genetics and Family History

  这是真的：心脏病往往在家庭中运行。难道你的爸爸有心脏疾病的55或你的妈妈岁之前，她转身65之前？如果是的话，你自己的风险比正常人高，因为你的父母一方或双方可能已经沿着配方心脏疾病的遗传成分通过。

• 更年期提前

  根据一个2019研究The Lancet Public Health通过“变”去之前，谁经历更年期提前的女性的大约10％之间的心脏疾病，如CAD，心脏衰竭，心律不齐的40岁的风险增加，和心脏瓣膜病。目前还不清楚为什么，但在雌激素的下降可能是一个因素。

These four factors make up only part of the complex swirl of possible causes of heart disease. You can’t change your genes or age, but don’t despair. Instead, use that knowledge as motivation toaddress the risks youcan更改。These include:

• High Blood Pressure (HBP)

  Having hypertension, a.k.a. high blood pressure, is a red flag for other forms of heart disease, increasing your risk for CAD, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. HBP results from plaque buildups in your arteries, thickening them and reducing blood flow.

• High Cholesterol

  Unhealthy cholesterol levels contribute to blockages in your blood vessels that can eventually lead to heart attack. Your body produces cholesterol naturally—we all need it to make important hormones and absorb Vitamin D—but it’s easy to get more than you need by eating foods that are high in saturated and trans fats (like red meat, eggs, and dairy). There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad” cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol). LDL contributes to plaque buildups in your arteries. HDL protects against heart disease by transporting excess LDL to the liver to be processed as waste.

• 肥胖

  你的心脏肥胖的力量更加努力地工作，因为你的身体需要更多的氧气和营养，你的血液供应。这导致血压高。多余的体重也增加了风险的心脏疾病，或使事情变得更糟，如果你已经有了他们，包括高胆固醇和2型糖尿病。肥胖已被证实与心脏衰竭和CAD。

• Diabetes

  1型and2型糖尿病both limit your body’s ability to maintain a healthy level of glucose, a form of sugar that your body produces and uses for energy. Uncontrolled blood glucose damages your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart, eventually leading to heart disease. In fact, as many as three out of four people with diabetes die from some form of heart disease.

• Physical Inactivity

  The couch potato life not only directly puts you at higher risk of heart disease, it opens the door to other risk factors like HBP, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes.

• Smoking or Vaping

  Lighting up does more than damage your lungs. It accelerates your heartbeat while narrowing your blood vessels and contributes to the formation of blood clots that can lead to heart attack or stroke. Less is known about the risks of vaping, but many of the chemicals involved have been linked to heart disease.

• Stress

  压力和紧张可以提高你的心率nd blood pressure—and too much eventually damages your blood vessels. Stress also can lead some people to abuse alcohol and eat too much, as well as smoke. (And, remember,any吸烟或vaping被太多的量。）

• 饮酒

  太多的酒精也可能会损害你的心脏。过量饮酒UPS你的血压和心脏率以及你的甘油三酯，与心脏疾病，因为它们可能有助于强化和你的动脉增厚一种类型的脂肪。

• 睡眠呼吸暂停

  这种睡眠障碍导致呼吸困难哟u sleep, reducing the amount of oxygen to your blood and raising your blood pressure. Together, these can weaken your heart and put you at heightened risk chronic HBP, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Heart Disease?

在我们进入你的医生将如何决定你是否有心脏疾病，让我们做一两件事很清楚：诊断是医生的工作。如果你有心脏发作的症状，如呼吸急促或胸痛，不要浪费时间搜索互联网，以找出问题。立即拨打911。你的行为如何快也许会挽救你的生命。

However, cardiac arrest is just one of many potentially serious heart concerns. Diagnosing heart disease involves a range of screening tests and, sometimes, tracking devices, too. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, your health history, and any risk factors you may have. He or she will also give you a physical exam in order to listen to your heart, check its rhythm and the timing of your pulse, and look for signs of swelling and accompanying weight gain due to fluid buildup in the hands, feet, legs, or abdomen—a possible indication of heart failure or heart valve disease.

You may undergo a variety of blood tests to measure your:

• Cholesterol levels,which include your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and non-HDL, your total cholesterol minus your HDL, which many experts believe is a better indicator of heart disease risk than the ratio of good to bad cholesterol.
• 甘油三酯，a type of fat found in the blood; high “tri” levels signal heart disease.
• High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,这是在主体（不一定是心脏）炎症某处的指示。高水平可能表明，慢性炎症性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎或狼疮）的存在，这也可以增加你的心脏疾病和中风的风险。
• 等离子神经酰胺，或脂肪分子，整个身体中蓄积炎症，高胆固醇和甘油三酯，以及其他心脏疾病风险的结果。他们散发在你的血液，并已与斑块集结。
• 利钠肽，which are proteins produced in your heart and blood vessels; high levels indicate heart failure.
• Troponin T,which is a protein released by the heart when it's injured, such as after a heart attack; it can confirm one has indeed occurred or is occurring, especially when you have chest pain but no other heart attack symptoms. (Troponin levels may also be tested to help diagnose other types of heart disease, such as heart failure.)

In addition to the above measurements, you could be given non-invasive diagnostic tests or tools to montior your heart rhythms. They include:

• Chest X-ray,它提供了心脏和肺的视图，允许医生以识别心脏衰竭，的迹象，如在肺流体或心脏扩大
• Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scans,它创建你的心脏的三维图像，帮助医生发现冠状动脉疾病（CAD），心脏瓣膜问题，和其他心脏问题
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),提供你的心脏和血管，可能揭示引起的心脏发作的组织损伤，血流量减少，阻塞动脉，心脏衰竭，和更的2D和3D图像
• Electrocardiogram (EKG),which is a routine, non-invasive and painless screening that measures the electrical signals produced with each heartbeat; it's used to detect irregularities in the strength and timing of those signals to help identify heart attacks, arrhythmia, heart failure, and other types of heart problems.
• Holter monitorsorevent recorders,如果你的心电图过程中不发生心律失常的或不规则的心脏活动，其使用，和你的医生希望，而你去你的日常生活中来监视你的心脏活动。Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• Implantable loop recorders,这是用来如果你有心律不齐的症状罕见，和你的医生正试图你有什么类型的心律失常的捕获。这个装置是刚下在你的胸部皮肤植入，让你的医生每当你遇到的症状，即使在夜间或当你在淋浴的中间，记录你的心脏的节律。您的心脏病专家将跟踪你的心脏的活动长达三年，与芯片记录一个持续的日志你的医生审查。当设备被移除，它可能会留下轻微的疤痕，但你可能会知道究竟是什么样的心律失常你正在处理的，应该如何处理。
• 一个运动负荷试验，which is given while you are hooked up to a heart monitor, and is done during a standard cardiac exam. To do one, you walk on a treadmill, gradually increasing your pace and the incline until it feels like you’re walking up a small hill. This makes your heart work harder. Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate, and any discomfort you feel to identify signs of coronary artery disease.
• 超声心动图，这是由声波反射你的心脏的各个部分作品心脏的超声检查。它是无副作用无痛测试或使用辐射。你的医生会放置一个棍形装置在你的胸部。它发出将反弹你的心脏的声波被记录下来，转换成你的股票的详细图片，这将有助于你的医生发现任何问题，如错误的阀门或感染的迹象。
• Carotidand腹部超声，which are used to evaluate your stroke risk or to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, respectively—and they both use sound waves, too. During this safe, painless, and non-invasive test, a gel is spread over your neck, where your carotid artery can be found, or your abdomen. An instrument sends sound waves through the gel, which then bounce back and form an image of the part of your body under examination.

You may be given more invasive diagnostic tests, too, to screen for heart disease. They include:

• 心导管检查，其用于诊断CAD的黄金标准。在此过程中，你会清醒，你可能会感到一些压力，但不痛。你的医生将之前收到局部麻醉管，或护套，进入血管，导致你的心脏。接下来，导管，插入管，前往你的心脏。它提供了一个特殊的染料显示出来的X光片可以让你的医生，以评估血流。导管的尖端可以用来衡量你的每一个心脏的腔，以及在血管连接到你的心脏的压力。它也可以帮助诊断阀门问题，并确定心脏缺陷。
• Coronary angiography,which is performed at the same time as cardiac catheterization. A special dye gets injected into your coronary arteries via a catheter. That dye, which can be viewed on an x-ray, shows your doctor where, exactly, your arteries are blocked.
• 电（EP）的研究，通过插入电极导管插入血管（通常在腹股沟），导致你的心脏为了记录你的心脏的电活动和/或触发心律不齐识别电流的具体途径来完成。所谓的过程消融-where流氓电通路被密封，以防止某些类型的心律不齐的发生，可以在EP研究期间进行。

How Is Heart Disease Treated?

There is no cure for heart disease. That said, there’s a lot youcan这样做尽管有它很好地生活。治疗心脏疾病可以包括生活方式的改变，药物治疗，有时手术，但这种条件或条件，而-从来都不是一个一刀切。您个人的计划将根据许多因素，如您的年龄，整体健康状况，以及其他慢性疾病（如糖尿病或肾脏疾病），你可能有。

生活方式的变迁对心脏病

你知道该怎么做：吃更好，运动，减肥，并戒烟。我们知道，说起来容易做，但太值得了。这是因为你今天的日常选择可以阻止心脏疾病的明天，从而营造一个健康的进展和可能的寿命更长。

让我们通过基本的生活方式的选择，你可以实现，以帮助发生：

• Lower your cholesterol.Cut back and avoid plaque buildup by swapping red meats for lean poultry and fish, consuming fibrous veggies and whole grains, and limiting (or even avoiding altogether) the saturated and trans fats found in fried and processed foods. Additional ways to get your cholesterol in check? Lose a few pounds, exercise more, and if that still isn’t enough, talk to your doctor about medication.

• Lower your blood pressure.The same lifestyle changes that help bring down unhealthy cholesterol levels can also help manage your blood pressure, often in tandem with one of the various blood-pressure lowering medications available.

• Do everything you can do to quit smoking.我们知道，这真的很难。但是我们alsoknow that smoking causes lung cancer and seriously hurts your heart. Plus, a nicotine or vaping habit damages your arteries, ups your risk of dangerous blood clots, raises your heart rate, and contributes to HBP and high cholesterol. So make quitting smoking your top priority. Going cold turkey works for some, while others have to slowly wean themselves from lighting up with the help of nicotine patches and other aids, including medications and support groups. Your doctor can walk you through your options, so have that conversation as soon as possible. Visit the American Heart Association to learn more about如何戒烟。

• 动起来。Physical activity of just about any kind beats the couch potato life. That’s because exercise strengthens your heart muscle so that it can do its job more efficiently. It helps lower your cholesterol, blood pressure, and, if you have diabetes, blood sugar levels, too. An added benefit? Breaking a sweat leads to a slimmer, fitter you. Exactly how much exercise you can do depends on your current state of health. Talk to your doctor, who might advise you to start slow and gradually build up endurance. If a walk around the block is your limit, that’s OK—lace up your shoes and get going. Tomorrow, you’ll likely go even further. If you’re recovering from a serious heart issue, cardiac rehabilitation programs can get you started safely.

• Eat less, and eat better.改变你的股票怎么你的冰箱和厨房是经常连接到降低胆固醇水平，因此遵循同样的忠告：尽量高纤维食物，瘦肉蛋白，蔬菜和粗粮，并跳过过度加工的垃圾食品和油炸食物。如果您需要指导，争取考虑注册营养师/营养师勾勒出一个健康的饮食计划为您和提供战略，坚持你的计划，以达到自己的目标。

• Lose weight.它不能被夸大：超重或肥胖是很难对你的心脏。基于相对于你的身高体重，你的身体质量指数（BMI）措施身体脂肪。25至29的BMI认为是超重。你被认为是肥胖，如果你的体重指数为30或更高。虽然使用BMI已经由研究人员最近提出质疑，部分原因是因为即使是超适合和肌肉结合的可能在技术上有“不健康” BMI数字，一些医生仍然使用它作为指导。越来越多，但是，医生们当体内多余的脂肪集中在你的腰部，很可能是因为大量的腹部脂肪会导致慢性炎症，心脏疾病的危险因素有关。结果？你的血压和胆固醇上升和熬夜，你想都不发生。

  如果你的心脏健康处于危险中，你会发现减肥缓慢和安全是一个不可能完成的任务，考虑保护注册营养师的服务，或询问您的医生，如果胃绕道手术是适合你的。

• Manage your diabetes.Diabetes和听到t disease are a deadly combination. People with diabetes have as much as four times the risk of dying from heart disease than someone without this condition. This is in part due to the effect diabetes has on your blood vessels, and also because many other health conditions often accompany diabetes, including HBP, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Controlling your diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes benefits your heart.

• Consider medicationsfor heart disease, if you need them. Many drugs treat coronary artery disease, or CAD. (Remember, CAD occurs when your arteries become clogged with plaque, restricting the flow of blood.) Here are the more commonly prescribed types of medication for CAD and other heart ailments:

  • 降胆固醇药物，like statins, lower the amount of plaque-forming materials in your bloodstream.
  • Anti-coagulants (a.k.a. blood thinners)帮助防止危险的血块在你的动脉，在那里他们会阻止血液流动的形成。
  • Anti-platelets,在cluding aspirin, also help prevent clots from forming.
  • Beta blockers既降低血压，降低你的心脏速率。这，反过来，会导致你的心脏的需要氧气下降。
  • 钙通道阻断剂经常使用串联β受体阻滞剂。他们降低血压和心脏率，同时为了放松动脉刺激血液流向心脏。
  • 硝酸甘油eases chest pain, or angina, caused by restricted blood flow to the heart. It works by allowing more oxygen-rich blood into your heart.
  • ACE inhibitors降低血压，减轻心脏负荷，这有助于防止心脏的进一步弱化。

Heart failure as well as heart valve disease are both treated with some of the same medications, such as diuretics, which help rid your body of excess fluids. In heart failure, for example, fluid can build up in your lungs and make it difficult to breathe. You may also be prescribed digitalis, a type of drug that strengthens the contractions of your heart and lowers your heart rate. Beta blockers and anti-clotting medications are also among the drugs that may be used to treat both conditions.

Surgery for Heart Disease

当心脏疾病，需要更积极的治疗，其中也存在着广泛的手术方案：

• 血管成形术被执行以减轻动脉阻塞内胸痛和增加血流。通过你的血管的地步堵塞找到你的医生边线长，细管。接着，放气的气囊被引导到堵塞的点，并且是简要地充气到加宽通道。与此同时，你可能有一个网状支架永久放置在堵塞的部位，以保持它打开。
• 冠状动脉搭桥grafting is done to re-route the flow of blood. Your surgeon will take a healthy blood vessel from your chest, leg, or arm, and connect it to a point beyond the blockage, allowing it to bypass the blockage in your artery.
• 激光心肌血运重建is a treatment for angina that involves using a laser to make channels in the heart muscle and left ventricle in order to let more oxygen-rich blood into the heart. It’s not well-understood why this procedure eases chest pain. And, according to the American College of Cardiology, its safety concerns often outweigh the potential benefits of the procedure.
• Heart valve repair or replacement当心脏瓣膜不再正常工作就完成了。该阀可通过外科手术来修复或用合成或生物瓣膜替换。后者可以从猪，牛或人心脏组织制成，并且可以包括合成部件，以及。导管也可用于运作不良的阀门。
• Implants for arrhythmia,如心脏起搏器或植入式心律转复除颤（ICD）植入药物时没有充分恢复心脏的正常节律。无论是在时间恢复心脏的适当节奏时，你的心跳变得危险不规则。
• Surgical placement of a ventricular assist device是涉及植入机械，电池供电设备，帮助一个或两个心室的时候，他们可以不再做了充分的工作因心脏衰竭的过程。通常情况下，他们在心脏移植前的时期植入。
• 心脏移殖is done during the last stage of heart disease, replacing your diseased heart with a healthy heart from a donor who has recently died.

什么是生命一样有心脏病？

您已收到您的心脏疾病诊断，和你的医生提出你的治疗计划。下一步是什么？阁下将获得多少旧的生活能找回？与心脏疾病生活也面临挑战，一些物理，一些情绪，一些大，一些小。你的目标：照顾所有你和你的生活最好的生活。

Your Emotional Life

If you’re not doing well emotionally, you might struggle with all of the other aspects of your treatment, from eating right and exercising to taking your medications. Often, depression is to blame. In fact, about one in five heart disease patients develops serious depression, while many others have milder cases. Research is mixed on why this is, although some scientists believe inflammation is involved. Fortunately, counseling and medication can help. Talk to your doctor if you feel down, unmotivated, or discouraged for more than a week.

你的压力水平

心脏疾病能感觉到可怕。但是，这些担忧可以压倒你和享受您的生活造成干扰。如果你的焦虑挣扎，试图将重心转移到正在发生的事情今天，而不是在未来的忧虑看。谈论你的关注与朋友和家人，请他们支持。并考虑加入一个支持小组与他人谁面临着同样的斗争，你做连接。加入American Heart Association's Support Network。

你的活动水平

经常运动和其他体力活动帮助你的心脏。150分钟的运动最小不仅会提高你的心脏功能。它也可以使你停止服用一些你的心脏药物。但首先，请医生什么运动是适合你的。

Your Work Life

如果您是从心脏发作或手术中恢复，也可能是几个星期之前，你可以回到你的工作，但你有可能能够拿起就在你离开的。当然，这取决于工作，如果你目前的一个放太大的压力对你的心脏物理，也许精神，在紧张的形式 - 你可能要回拨你的工作量。残疾人法案，联邦法律，提供了美国人workplace protections对于患有心脏疾病。

你的性生活

您可能需要等待长达六个星期你恢复你的性生活，只有你的医生可以告诉你之前，当你可以安全地回归浪漫。多长时间禁欲持续时间将取决于你的症状，像挥之不去的胸痛或其他并发症。要获得全清楚，你可能要经历一个运动负荷试验来测量处理任何欠的表行动你的心脏的能力。

回归之路

Before you climb behind the steering wheel, check your state’s regulations for driving after a serious illness. Also, if you have symptoms like chest pain, don’t drive until they clear up.

获得帮助，如果你需要它

你可以的kickstart你的新生活心脏康复。This is a medically supervised program that typically lasts for three months. Working with doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, dietitians and mental health counselors, you will receive exercise training, lessons in healthy eating, methods to reduce stress, and other education designed to help you reduce your risk of worsening heart health.

Remember, you and over 121 million other Americans are facing some type of heart disease together—so you’re not—and never will be—alone in this. We’ve got you.

在哪里可以找到我的心脏病社区？

With half of the American population affected by some sort of cardiovascular disease, one thing's for sure—you are not alone. And we’ve got your heart-community covered, whether you're in the mood for a podcast to help you better understand your new (and necessary) lifestyle changes; a support group that's been there, lived that, and wants to pay the guidance forward; or an organization who will not only support you with research but will also invite you to a fun run.

顶级心脏病Instagrammers：

•史蒂芬烧伤，@that_heart_guy：With seven open-heart surgeries under his belt, he knows a thing or two about living the life of someone who takes every day to heart (pun intended). The best thing about his feed, aside from his grace and guidance, are the heart warriors he features on the regular. It’s a feel-good inspiring feed if there ever was one.

•Star Jones, @starjonesesq：You know her for her beaming smile and her seat at the table onThe View—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

•阿林Gragossian，@a_change_of_heart_blog，achangeofhe.art/blog：图片这样的：一个完全健康的30岁的医生谁从来没有比阑尾炎发作以外的任何健康问题。如何在地球上，那么，为什么她成为一个心脏移植病人过夜？她的亲身经历，与她的专业POV混合，使得她的饲料和博客不休迷人 - 不要担心，她会告诉你她的故事的每一个位。

顶级心脏病相关的播客：

•Love Your Heart: A Cleveland Clinic Podcast：Your many Qs, answered by experts. Trending topics, diets, and public health scares—discussed by experts. All things heart, all the time, brought to you from, yes, the专家at the Cleveland Clinic, presented in layman’s terms.

•来自美国心脏协会胆固醇播客（AHA): By now you should know that a huge factor in heart disease is the health of your heart, your diet, and your cholesterol. The AHA gives tips on how to better manage your LDLs and HDLs through these informative podcasts.

•Plant Proof - Plant-Based Nutrition & Inspirational Stories：由西蒙·希尔，营养师，物理治疗师主持，并在植物为基础的营养（这是一个事）认证，在一个本播客珩磨最大的生活方式的改变，你将被迫作出，如果你有心脏疾病：饮食。发作特点的饮食方法，谁曾试图它们，并指导如何在行动上让人们。

Top Heart Disease Nonprofits：

•American Heart Association：They make two appearances in this line-up, and for good reason. The AHA is the bees knees of heart health guidance. Not only do they have endless resources to help you navigate life with heart disease, but they also have the hands-on manpower to quite literally walk you through it. Hosting local events like fun runs (or walks), plus galas across the country, you will never feel alone as long as you’re a part of this nonprofit.

•女人心:在美国di,四分之一的妇女死于心脏sease, so it’s only fitting there’s a nonprofit completely dedicated to women battling it. They will make you feel empowered and in control of your own health, while connecting you with women—a sisterhood—who will navigate this new reality with you.

•心脏基金会：The power behind this foundation is overwhelmingly heartfelt—it was started in memory of a healthy 35-year-old husband and father who suffered a massive heart attack on the basketball court. Today, this foundation fuels research under the direction of world-renowned cardiologist Dr. P.K. Shah, in the quest to find more effective ways to prevent these sudden tragedies.