Let's Talk About Heart Disease

将近一半的美国成年人有某种形式的心血管疾病的总称，涵盖了从高血压中风。如果你已经告诉你其中的，你可能会混淆，甚至有点害怕。这是正常的，每个人都特色在HealthCentral有一种慢性疾病，感觉就像你现在要做的。但是，我们和他们，在这里为您服务。单就这个页面，你会发现不仅是你需要帮助你不只是管理，但蓬勃发展的现实和心脏疾病的挑战，但也是最好的治疗方法，乐于助人的生活方式的改变，以及关键信息。我们相信你已经得到了很多的问题。我们在这里为大家解答。

那么，什么是心脏病，无论如何？

The term heart disease encompasses a巨大达心血管领土。这是因为它不是一个单一的疾病，而是一个指的是各种心脏相关的疾病，其中许多慢性，这种影响有多好你的心脏功能。

一些心脏疾病比较常见的形式包括：

• 高血压（血压高）
• 冠状动脉疾病（CAD）
• 心脏病发作
• Congestive heart failure
• Heart valve disease
• 心房颤动and other arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
• Stroke

Heart disease accounts for more deaths each year than any other health concern. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 650,000 people die of heart disease annually. That’s about one death every 37 seconds—a shocking number, to be sure. And heart disease does not discriminate: Whether you are a man or a woman of any race or ethnicity, cardiovascular disease is your number-one health threat.

好消息？你可以做很多事情来预防心脏疾病。而且，如果你已经有了某种形式的这种情况，有药物治疗，生活方式，管理技巧，并帮助保护您和您的股票等战略。

How Is the Heart Supposed to Function?

潜水到可能出现的错误之前，让我们一步一步看看心脏，它做什么，以及它是如何工作的：

1. 一个超大的工作一磅，拳头大小的肌肉，心脏是负责血液整个身体的不间断循环。
2. 那血液通过你的动脉，静脉和毛细血管形成的血管。（有趣的事实：根据克利夫兰诊所，你大概有60000英里血管在你的身体。）
3. 当它从你的心脏通过你的血液循环系统的动脉流出，血液提供氧气和其他必需的营养素在人体的所有细胞。
4. Once it’s made its deliveries, blood returns via your veins to the heart, discarding toxins (via the kidneys) along the way.
5. Once back in the heart, the blood flows along to the lungs, where it disposes of carbon dioxide and restocks its supply of oxygen before cycling through your body once more.

How does your ticker make all this happen? For starters,the heart is made up of four chambers:

• On the bottom are theleftand右心室。
• 在顶部是rightandleft atria。

那些室协同工作，采用的阀门，一个系统打开和关闭为你心脏跳动，以便使血液在和泵血出。Remember, the heart is a muscle, and when it’s healthy, it’s quite strong. As a pump, it provides sufficient pressure so that your entire blood supply cycles through your body every 60 seconds.

More heart smarts:

• 一个健康的成年人的心脏会跳动从任何地方60 to 100 times per minutewhile lounging around. If you’re quite fit—an athlete, for example—your heart works more efficiently, and your resting heart rate may be closer to 40 beats per minute.

• 就像身体的其他部位，心脏需要以蓬勃发展的血液。事实上，它需要的血液比身体任何其他肌肉更大的供应，所以它依靠自身的冠状动脉的网络上提供血液。

• 电力大国你的心的跳动和sets its pace. That’s a critical function. You need your heart to beat properly in order to supply your body with sufficient blood and oxygen. Your heart contracts with each beat, and the timing of those beats must remain precise so that those contractions stay in sync.

• 这些电信号起源于你的心脏的右心房，并通过您的中心自主神经系统控制，告诉你的心脏应该跳动的快慢。当你运动，你的神经系统信号的心脏，以泵出更多的血液加快。其他因素，不是所有的人健康，喜欢抽烟和过度沉迷酒精也会影响你的心脏速率。

在极其复杂的你的心脏功能的方法，这只是一个简略的勾画。不用说，也有办法在事情都可能出错，可导致心脏疾病的大量。

什么是心脏病的类型？

请问你的身体告诉你，有些事情在困扰着你的心脏？这取决于故障类型。虽然有些疾病会影响心脏有着相似的症状，有的相差很大。和某些类型的心脏疾病有根本没有症状。

Let’s review some of the major types of heart disease and how to recognize them:

高血压

有血压高（HBD），又称高血压 - 这没有任何症状起坐你患上许多其他类型的心脏疾病，包括冠心病的几率。这是你的动脉降低血液到达你的心脏，让你在为心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险较高量斑块集结的结果。HBP变硬变厚你的动脉，血流量减少。如果你有130或更高的收缩压，或80或更高的舒张压，这是至关重要的，以减少它。

冠状动脉疾病(CAD)

心脏的两大动脉从主动脉分支，发送血液到身体的其他部位动脉。这两条大动脉，又分支成小动脉是供应血液的心脏。CAD，最常见的类型心脏疾病，开发时，你的动脉无法为您的心脏提供足够的富含氧气的血液。心脏免受冠状动脉接收其自己的血液供应。

通常情况下，CAD被限制或通过你的血管阻塞血液流动牌匾集结所致。CAD经常开发多年，甚至几十年，它并不总是使自己知道，直到它已显著进展和你在一个心脏发作结束。在这个阶段，受影响的血管是70％左右受阻。即使是谁拥有在40％至50％范围内斑块堵塞的人可无任何症状。但是，一旦发生，他们是典型的：

• Angina, which is a fancy word for chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or a squeezing sensation that can spread out to other parts of your upper body, such as your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw and back—and a sign that something’s wrong with your heart.
• 气促

A less common, but related, condition called冠状动脉微血管病变（MVD）or小血管病变occurs when the walls of the small arteries in the heart are damaged. It is often diagnosed after a doctor finds little or no narrowing in the main arteries of your heart, despite your having symptoms that suggest heart disease, such as angina.MVD多见于妇女和谁患有糖尿病或高血压的人。条件可以是难以察觉。MVD的其他症状包括在你的左胳膊疼痛，颈部，下巴，腹部或背部;明显疲劳;和气短。

心脏病发作

A heart attack occurs when the plaque in your blood vessel ruptures, causing a clot to form as the body attempts to repair the damage. This blockage cuts off blood flow to the heart, starving the muscle of needed oxygen and other nutrients.

For men, this often happens suddenly; women’s symptoms tend to be more gradual. While chest pain is the most common symptom of heart attack for both men and women, their symptoms can be different. For example, women are more likely to have shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea. Men normally experience the classic symptom of crushing chest pain. Men are also more likely than women to have sudden heart attacks; women, on the other hand, have higher odds of developing symptoms over a period of hours, days, or even weeks.

无论哪种方式，共同symptoms心脏发作的包括：

• 心绞痛，辐射胸痛和压力，可以感觉好像大象坐在你的胸部

• 气促

• 恶心

• 消化不良

• 胃灼热

• 腹痛

• 疲劳

• Lightheadedness and dizziness

• 吓出一身冷汗

Congestive Heart Failure

This progressive disease occurs when your ticker’s ability to pump blood starts to decline. CAD, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure are among the common causes of heart failure—so it doesn’t happen overnight. As your heart can no longer pump as well as it used to, the blood that would normally cycle through it can get backed up. Your kidneys also filter less blood, leading to fluid retention and swelling in your extremities.

Several different symptoms can get worse as heart failure progresses. Some of the most common:

• 由于供应不足的血液达到身体的其余部分或液体在肺部堆积呼吸急促，常伴有咳嗽或喘息
• 肿胀你的腿，脚踝和腹部造成积水，并伴有体重迅速增加。
• 极度疲劳由于富含氧气的血液量减少传递到您的器官和肌肉
• 因为消化问题食欲和恶心的损失引起的血流量减少
• Increased heart rate

心脏瓣膜病

As its name implies, heart valve disease involves the system of four valves that helps regulate the flow of blood through the heart. For example, one of your valves might narrow to the point that a reduced amount of blood can pass through it. This is called瓣狭窄。

When one of your heart’s valves stop working properly, a variety of symptoms, many of them similar to those of heart failure, can occur, including:

• Chest discomfort
• 心脏心悸
• 呼吸急促增加
• Swelling in your abdomen, ankles, and feet
• 疲劳
• Weakness
• 头晕and/or fainting
• 体重迅速增加

心律失常

心跳异常，称为心律失常，可引起各种症状，有些是良性的，一些危险的，这取决于一种心律失常你有哪些。Tachycardia, for example, accelerates your heartbeat to a too-fast rhythm, whilebradycardia减缓下来。双方有时是危险的，导致中风和其他并发症的风险较高，但并非总是如此。如果您遇到任何心律失常的类型，一定要与你的医生咨询。

心房颤动是最常见的类型的持续性心律失常，具有在2.7和6.1万美国人目前共享它的诊断的任何地方。（随着美国人口的老龄化，这一数字预计将增加，报告疾病预防控制中心）A-FIB，因为它通常被称为，使你的心脏跳动不规律，就可以感觉它是跳跃的节拍，而不是节奏。在某些情况下，异常心跳都没有引起人们的关注，但其他时候他们可能会导致中风，心脏衰竭，甚至心脏骤停，在心脏停止跳动一个快速致命事件。去A-FIB的根，所以你知道你的症状是否不需要治疗是很重要的。

In general, abnormal heartbeats also lead to many symptoms shared by other forms of heart disease, including:

• 气促
• Chest discomfort
• 疲劳
• Weakness
• 头晕和胸闷

Stroke

当你的心脏的血液供应被切断，否认它需要保持工作中的氧发生中风。这可能会导致脑组织开始在几分钟内死亡。中风是在美国死亡的第五大原因，占一出来，每年发生在这个国家每20人死亡，这是严重的长期残疾的主要原因，根据CDC。

中风可以极大地影响大脑。你可能不理解别人说的话，你可能会含糊的讲话，你可能会遇到的困惑。

其他症状包括：

• 瘫痪或麻木，经常对你的身体只有一面，通常影响面部，胳膊和腿
• Vision problems that may blur or blacken your eyesight in one or both eyes, and/or double vision
• 突然和剧烈的头痛，可以通过呕吐伴随
• 头晕
• Balance problems that make it difficult to walk

If you are experiencing stroke symptoms or recognize them in others, think F.A.S.T.:

• Face drooping
• 手臂无力
• Speech difficulty
• 时间拨打911

有two major types of strokeplus a third, less-severe kind:

• Ischemic stroke:这些占了近90％的中风，而当在你的大脑的血管变得被血块堵塞，他们发生。这些血块可以在大脑发育，被称为thrombotic stroke, or they can result from the same plaque that causes CAD and travel from the heart to the brain. This is called栓塞性中风。
• Hemorrhagic stroke:The most serious type of stroke, it occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain suddenly bursts. Not only does this cut off much needed oxygen, it also causes pressure to build up in the surrounding tissue, leading to harmful swelling and irritation. The bleeding can occur inside the brain, which is called an脑出血, or it can happen in the space between the brain and the membranes that surround it. This is called a蛛网膜下腔出血。
• Transient ischemic stroke:Also referred to as a小中风这些引起中风症状，但不损害大脑。他们是暂时的，持续短短的五分钟。然而，他们是一个警告标志，一个全面的行程是在你的未来。

What Causes Heart Disease?

Let’s go back to the good news: About four out of five cases of heart disease can be prevented. That’s because it’s most often caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and by other health conditions that can arise, including diabetes and high blood pressure (HBP), that can arise from these choices. While it’s never too late to make positive, healthy changes, the sooner you begin, the better.

患心脏病的风险因素

进入的危险因素，你可以努力减少之前，让我们覆盖少数，你不能做任何事情。

• Age

  这其中的很简单。你的年龄越大，更有可能你患心脏疾病。事实上，超过80％的人谁的心脏疾病死亡的年龄超过65岁，因为心脏往往会变得脆弱了，你进入你的黄金岁月。

• Gender

  While heart disease may be the number cause of death for both men and women, it tends to develop later in women. Why? Experts believe that hormones such as estrogen, which women have in much greater abundance than men, may provide some protection against heart disease. However, those hormones decline during menopause. By age 65, a woman’s odds of heart disease match those of a man of similar age.

• Genetics and Family History

  这是真的：心脏病往往在家庭中运行。难道你的爸爸有心脏疾病的55或你的妈妈岁之前，她转身65之前？如果是的话，你自己的风险比正常人高，因为你的父母一方或双方可能已经沿着配方心脏疾病的遗传成分通过。

• 更年期提前

  根据一个2019研究柳叶刀公共卫生经历“改变”40岁前increases risk of heart diseases like CAD, heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart valve disease among the approximately 10% of women who experience early menopause. It remains unclear why, though a decline in estrogen may be a factor.

These four factors make up only part of the complex swirl of possible causes of heart disease. You can’t change your genes or age, but don’t despair. Instead, use that knowledge as motivation to解决你的风险能够更改。These include:

• High Blood Pressure (HBP)

  有高血压，又称高血压，是其他形式的心脏疾病的红旗，提高您的CAD，心脏病发作，心脏衰竭和中风的风险。HBP结果在你的动脉斑块集结，他们增厚，减少血流量。

• 高胆固醇

  不健康的胆固醇水平为blockag作出贡献es in your blood vessels that can eventually lead to heart attack. Your body produces cholesterol naturally—we all need it to make important hormones and absorb Vitamin D—but it’s easy to get more than you need by eating foods that are high in saturated and trans fats (like red meat, eggs, and dairy). There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad” cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol). LDL contributes to plaque buildups in your arteries. HDL protects against heart disease by transporting excess LDL to the liver to be processed as waste.

• 肥胖

  你的心努力工作因为肥胖力量se your body requires more of the oxygen and nutrients that your blood supplies. This leads to high blood pressure. Excess weight also increases risk for heart disease, or makes them worse if you already have them, including high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. Obesity has been linked to heart failure and CAD.

• Diabetes

  1型andtype 2 diabetes既限制了你的身体，以保持血糖的健康水平，糖，你的身体产生和能源利用形式的能力。不受控制的血糖损害你的血管和控制你的心脏，最终导致心脏疾病的神经。事实上，多达四分之三的糖尿病人从某种形式的心脏疾病而死亡。

• Physical Inactivity

  该沙发土豆的生活不仅直接让你在心脏疾病的风险更高，这将打开大门，其他危险因素，如高血压，高胆固醇，和2型糖尿病。

• 吸烟或Vaping

  照亮了确实比伤害你的肺更多。它加速你的心跳，同时缩小你的血管并促进血液凝块，可导致心脏发作或中风的形成。很少有人知道关于vaping的风险，但许多化学物质的介入已与心脏疾病。

• Stress

  Pressure and tension can elevate your heart rate and blood pressure—and too much eventually damages your blood vessels. Stress also can lead some people to abuse alcohol and eat too much, as well as smoke. (And, remember,any吸烟或vaping被太多的量。）

• Drinking Alcohol

  太多的酒精也可能会损害你的心脏。过量饮酒UPS你的血压和心脏率以及你的甘油三酯，与心脏疾病，因为它们可能有助于强化和你的动脉增厚一种类型的脂肪。

• 睡眠呼吸暂停

  This sleep disorder causes breathing trouble as you sleep, reducing the amount of oxygen to your blood and raising your blood pressure. Together, these can weaken your heart and put you at heightened risk chronic HBP, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

How Do Doctors Diagnose Heart Disease?

在我们进入你的医生将如何决定你是否有心脏疾病，让我们做一两件事很清楚：诊断是医生的工作。如果你有心脏发作的症状，如呼吸急促或胸痛，不要浪费时间搜索互联网，以找出问题。立即拨打911。你的行为如何快也许会挽救你的生命。

然而,cardiac arrest is just one of many potentially serious heart concerns. Diagnosing heart disease involves a range of screening tests and, sometimes, tracking devices, too. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, your health history, and any risk factors you may have. He or she will also give you a physical exam in order to listen to your heart, check its rhythm and the timing of your pulse, and look for signs of swelling and accompanying weight gain due to fluid buildup in the hands, feet, legs, or abdomen—a possible indication of heart failure or heart valve disease.

You may undergo a variety of blood tests to measure your:

• Cholesterol levels,which include your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and non-HDL, your total cholesterol minus your HDL, which many experts believe is a better indicator of heart disease risk than the ratio of good to bad cholesterol.
• Triglycerides,a type of fat found in the blood; high “tri” levels signal heart disease.
• 高灵敏度的C-反应蛋白，这是在主体（不一定是心脏）炎症某处的指示。高水平可能表明，慢性炎症性疾病（如类风湿性关节炎或狼疮）的存在，这也可以增加你的心脏疾病和中风的风险。
• Plasma ceramides,or fat molecules, which accumulate throughout your body as a result of inflammation, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and other heart disease risks. They circulate in your blood and have been linked to plaque buildups.
• 利钠肽，这是在你的心脏和血管产生的蛋白质;高水平表明心脏衰竭。
• Troponin T,which is a protein released by the heart when it's injured, such as after a heart attack; it can confirm one has indeed occurred or is occurring, especially when you have chest pain but no other heart attack symptoms. (Troponin levels may also be tested to help diagnose other types of heart disease, such as heart failure.)

除了上述测量，你可以给予非侵入性诊断测试或工具montior你的心脏节律。它们包括：

• Chest X-ray,which offers a view of the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to identify signs of heart failure, such as fluid in the lungs or an enlarged heart
• 计算机辅助断层扫描(猫)扫描,它创建你的心脏的三维图像，帮助医生发现冠状动脉疾病（CAD），心脏瓣膜问题，和其他心脏问题
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),提供你的心脏和血管，可能揭示引起的心脏发作的组织损伤，血流量减少，阻塞动脉，心脏衰竭，和更的2D和3D图像
• Electrocardiogram (EKG),这是一个常规的，非侵入性的，无痛的筛选所产生与每次心跳测量的电信号;它是用来检测的强度和这些信号的时序，以帮助查明违规心脏发作，心律不齐，心脏衰竭，和其他类型的心脏问题。
• Holter monitorsor事件记录，which are used if your arrhythmia or irregular heart activity doesn’t occur during your EKG, and your doctor wants to monitor your heart’s activity while you go about your daily life. Event recorders are turned on by the user when symptoms begin, whereas holter monitors—considered more effective because they capture the first stages of any irregular activity—are worn around the clock (except when you’re in the shower.) These smartphone-size devices record your heart’s activity for anywhere from a few days to a few weeks.
• Implantable loop recorders,这是用来如果你有心律不齐的症状罕见，和你的医生正试图你有什么类型的心律失常的捕获。这个装置是刚下在你的胸部皮肤植入，让你的医生每当你遇到的症状，即使在夜间或当你在淋浴的中间，记录你的心脏的节律。您的心脏病专家将跟踪你的心脏的活动长达三年，与芯片记录一个持续的日志你的医生审查。当设备被移除，它可能会留下轻微的疤痕，但你可能会知道究竟是什么样的心律失常你正在处理的，应该如何处理。
• 一个运动负荷试验，which is given while you are hooked up to a heart monitor, and is done during a standard cardiac exam. To do one, you walk on a treadmill, gradually increasing your pace and the incline until it feels like you’re walking up a small hill. This makes your heart work harder. Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate, and any discomfort you feel to identify signs of coronary artery disease.
• Echocardiogram,这是由声波反射你的心脏的各个部分作品心脏的超声检查。它是无副作用无痛测试或使用辐射。你的医生会放置一个棍形装置在你的胸部。它发出将反弹你的心脏的声波被记录下来，转换成你的股票的详细图片，这将有助于你的医生发现任何问题，如错误的阀门或感染的迹象。
• 颈动脉and腹部超声，这是用来评估你中风的危险，或者屏幕腹主动脉瘤，分别和它们都利用声波，太。在这个安全，无痛，非侵入性的测试，凝胶是蔓延在你的脖子，你的颈动脉，可以发现，或者你的腹部。的器械穿过凝胶，然后反弹，形成身体的被检查部分的图像发送声波。

You may be given more invasive diagnostic tests, too, to screen for heart disease. They include:

• 心导管检查，which is the gold standard for diagnosing CAD. During this procedure, you’ll be awake, and you may feel some pressure but no pain. You receive a local anesthetic before your doctor inserts a tube, or sheath, into a blood vessel that leads to your heart. Next, a catheter, inserted into the tube, travels to your heart. It delivers a special dye which shows up on x-rays allows your doctor to evaluate blood flow. The tip of the catheter can be used to measure the pressure in each of your heart’s chambers as well as in the blood vessels connected to your heart. It also can help diagnose valve problems and identify heart defects.
• Coronary angiography,这是在同一时间作为心导管进行。一个特殊的染料被通过导管注入到你的冠状动脉。即染料，可以在x射线观看，显示您的医生，其中，准确地说，你的动脉被阻塞。
• Electrophysiology (EP) study,which is done by inserting an electrode catheter into a blood vessel (usually in your groin) that leads to your heart in order to record your heart’s electrical activity and/or to trigger arrhythmia to identify an electrical current’s specific pathway. A procedure called切除-where流氓电通路被密封，以防止某些类型的心律不齐的发生，可以在EP研究期间进行。

如何心脏病治疗？

There is no cure for heart disease. That said, there’s a lot you能够do to live well despite having it. Treating heart disease can include lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes surgery, but this condition—or conditions, rather—is never one size fits all. Your individual plan will be based on numerous factors, such as your age, overall health, and other chronic conditions (such as diabetes or kidney disease) you might have.

Lifestyle Changes for Heart Disease

你知道该怎么做：吃更好，运动，减肥，并戒烟。我们知道，说起来容易做，但太值得了。这是因为你今天的日常选择可以阻止心脏疾病的明天，从而营造一个健康的进展和可能的寿命更长。

Let’s walk through the basic lifestyle choices you can implement to help make happen:

• 降低你的胆固醇。切回，并避免斑块积聚通过交换红肉贫家禽和鱼类，消耗纤维蔬菜和谷物，和限制（或甚至完全避免）的饱和的和在油炸和加工食品中发现的反式脂肪。另外的方式来获得在检查你的胆固醇？失去了几磅，多锻炼，如果仍然是不够的，跟你的医生有关药物。

• Lower your blood pressure.The same lifestyle changes that help bring down unhealthy cholesterol levels can also help manage your blood pressure, often in tandem with one of the various blood-pressure lowering medications available.

• Do everything you can do to quit smoking.We know—it’s really hard. But we也know that smoking causes lung cancer and seriously hurts your heart. Plus, a nicotine or vaping habit damages your arteries, ups your risk of dangerous blood clots, raises your heart rate, and contributes to HBP and high cholesterol. So make quitting smoking your top priority. Going cold turkey works for some, while others have to slowly wean themselves from lighting up with the help of nicotine patches and other aids, including medications and support groups. Your doctor can walk you through your options, so have that conversation as soon as possible. Visit the American Heart Association to learn more about如何戒烟。

• 动起来。Physical activity of just about any kind beats the couch potato life. That’s because exercise strengthens your heart muscle so that it can do its job more efficiently. It helps lower your cholesterol, blood pressure, and, if you have diabetes, blood sugar levels, too. An added benefit? Breaking a sweat leads to a slimmer, fitter you. Exactly how much exercise you can do depends on your current state of health. Talk to your doctor, who might advise you to start slow and gradually build up endurance. If a walk around the block is your limit, that’s OK—lace up your shoes and get going. Tomorrow, you’ll likely go even further. If you’re recovering from a serious heart issue, cardiac rehabilitation programs can get you started safely.

• Eat less, and eat better.改变你的股票怎么你的冰箱和厨房是经常连接到降低胆固醇水平，因此遵循同样的忠告：尽量高纤维食物，瘦肉蛋白，蔬菜和粗粮，并跳过过度加工的垃圾食品和油炸食物。如果您需要指导，争取考虑注册营养师/营养师勾勒出一个健康的饮食计划为您和提供战略，坚持你的计划，以达到自己的目标。

• Lose weight.它不能被夸大：超重或肥胖是很难对你的心脏。基于相对于你的身高体重，你的身体质量指数（BMI）措施身体脂肪。25至29的BMI认为是超重。你被认为是肥胖，如果你的体重指数为30或更高。虽然使用BMI已经由研究人员最近提出质疑，部分原因是因为即使是超适合和肌肉结合的可能在技术上有“不健康” BMI数字，一些医生仍然使用它作为指导。越来越多，但是，医生们当体内多余的脂肪集中在你的腰部，很可能是因为大量的腹部脂肪会导致慢性炎症，心脏疾病的危险因素有关。结果？你的血压和胆固醇上升和熬夜，你想都不发生。

  如果你的心脏健康处于危险中，你会发现减肥缓慢和安全是一个不可能完成的任务，考虑保护注册营养师的服务，或询问您的医生，如果胃绕道手术是适合你的。

• Manage your diabetes.Diabetesand heart disease are a deadly combination. People with diabetes have as much as four times the risk of dying from heart disease than someone without this condition. This is in part due to the effect diabetes has on your blood vessels, and also because many other health conditions often accompany diabetes, including HBP, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Controlling your diabetes through medication and lifestyle changes benefits your heart.

• 考虑药物治疗for heart disease, if you need them. Many drugs treat coronary artery disease, or CAD. (Remember, CAD occurs when your arteries become clogged with plaque, restricting the flow of blood.) Here are the more commonly prescribed types of medication for CAD and other heart ailments:

  • Cholesterol lowering drugs,like statins, lower the amount of plaque-forming materials in your bloodstream.
  • Anti-coagulants (a.k.a. blood thinners)帮助防止危险的血块在你的动脉，在那里他们会阻止血液流动的形成。
  • 抗血小板，在cluding aspirin, also help prevent clots from forming.
  • β受体阻滞剂both lower your blood pressure and reduce your heart rate. That, in turn, causes your heart’s need for oxygen to drop.
  • 钙通道阻断剂are often used in tandem with beta blockers. They lower blood pressure and heart rate while relaxing arteries in order to boost blood flow to the heart.
  • 硝酸甘油EASES胸痛，或心绞痛，用血限制流向心脏引起的。它的工作原理是让更多的富含氧气的血液进入你的心脏。
  • ACE inhibitors降低血压，减轻心脏负荷，这有助于防止心脏的进一步弱化。

心脏衰竭以及心脏瓣膜疾病都与一些相同的药物，如利尿剂，可帮助排除体内多余的液体你的身体治疗。在心脏衰竭，例如，液体可以在你的肺部积聚，使呼吸困难。您还可能有规定的洋地黄，一类药物是加强你的心脏的收缩，并降低你的心脏速率。β受体阻滞剂和抗凝血药物也可用于治疗这两种情况的药物之一。

手术治疗心脏病

当心脏疾病，需要更积极的治疗，其中也存在着广泛的手术方案：

• 血管成形术is performed to relieve chest pain and increase blood flow within a blocked artery. Your doctor threads a long, thin tube through your blood vessels to the point where the blockage is found. Next, a deflated balloon gets directed to the point of the blockage and is briefly inflated to widen the passage. At the same time, you’ll likely have a mesh stent permanently placed at the site of the blockage to keep it open.
• 冠状动脉搭桥嫁接是为了重设路线的血液流动。你的外科医生将一个健康的血管从你的胸部，腿部，手臂或，并将其连接到一个点超出了堵塞，允许其绕过你的动脉堵塞。
• Transmyocardial laser revascularization是心绞痛的治疗，包括使用激光来使心脏肌肉和左心室渠道，以让更多的富含氧气的血液到心脏。这不是很好理解为什么这个过程减轻胸痛。而且，根据美国心脏病学院，它的安全问题往往大于过程的潜在好处。
• Heart valve repair or replacementis done when a heart valve no longer works properly. The valve can be repaired surgically or replaced with a synthetic or biological valve. The latter can be made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue and may include synthetic parts as well. Catheters may also be used for poorly functioning valves.
• Implants for arrhythmia,such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), are implanted when drugs do not adequately restore your heart’s normal rhythm. Both restore your heart’s proper rhythm at times when your heartbeat becomes dangerously irregular.
• 心室辅助装置手术放置is a procedure that involves implanting a mechanical, battery-powered device that aids one or both of your ventricles when they can no longer do an adequate job due to heart failure. Often, they are implanted during the period before a heart transplant.
• Heart transplantis done during the last stage of heart disease, replacing your diseased heart with a healthy heart from a donor who has recently died.

什么是生命一样有心脏病？

您已收到您的心脏疾病诊断，和你的医生提出你的治疗计划。下一步是什么？阁下将获得多少旧的生活能找回？与心脏疾病生活也面临挑战，一些物理，一些情绪，一些大，一些小。你的目标：照顾所有of you and live your best life.

你的情感生活

如果你做得还不够好情绪，可能会与所有的治疗，其他方面的斗争从右饮食和锻炼来把你的药物。通常情况下，抑郁症是罪魁祸首。事实上，大约五分之一的心脏疾病的患者出现严重的抑郁症，而许多人有温和的情况下。研究是为什么这是混合，但也有一些科学家认为炎症是参与。幸运的是，心理咨询和药物治疗可以帮助。谈谈你的医生，如果你感到沮丧，无心，或鼓励使用超过一个星期。

Your Stress Levels

心脏疾病能感觉到可怕。但是，这些担忧可以压倒你和享受您的生活造成干扰。如果你的焦虑挣扎，试图将重心转移到正在发生的事情今天，而不是在未来的忧虑看。谈论你的关注与朋友和家人，请他们支持。并考虑加入一个支持小组与他人谁面临着同样的斗争，你做连接。加入美国心脏协会的支持网络。

Your Activity Levels

Regular exercise and other physical activity help your heart. A minimum of 150 minutes of exercise will not only improve your heart function. It also may enable you stop taking some of your heart medications. But first, ask your doctor what exercises are right for you.

Your Work Life

如果您是从心脏发作或手术中恢复，也可能是几个星期之前，你可以回到你的工作，但你有可能能够拿起就在你离开的。当然，这取决于工作，如果你目前的一个放太大的压力对你的心脏物理，也许精神，在紧张的形式 - 你可能要回拨你的工作量。残疾人法案，联邦法律，提供了美国人workplace protections对于患有心脏疾病。

你的性生活

您可能需要等待长达六个星期你恢复你的性生活，只有你的医生可以告诉你之前，当你可以安全地回归浪漫。多长时间禁欲持续时间将取决于你的症状，像挥之不去的胸痛或其他并发症。要获得全清楚，你可能要经历一个运动负荷试验来测量处理任何欠的表行动你的心脏的能力。

回归之路

Before you climb behind the steering wheel, check your state’s regulations for driving after a serious illness. Also, if you have symptoms like chest pain, don’t drive until they clear up.

Get Help If You Need It

你可以的kickstart你的新生活心脏康复。This is a medically supervised program that typically lasts for three months. Working with doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, dietitians and mental health counselors, you will receive exercise training, lessons in healthy eating, methods to reduce stress, and other education designed to help you reduce your risk of worsening heart health.

Remember, you and over 121 million other Americans are facing some type of heart disease together—so you’re not—and never will be—alone in this. We’ve got you.

Where Can I Find My Heart Disease Communities?

随着受某种心血管疾病的美国人口的一半，有一两件事是肯定的，你并不孤单。而且我们已经得到了你的心脏社区覆盖，无论你的心情播客，以帮助您更好地了解新的（必要的）生活方式的改变是;这一直是有一个支持小组，住着的是，并希望前锋支付指导;或组织谁也不会只支持你的研究也将邀请你到一个有趣的运行。

顶级心脏病Instagrammers

• Steven Burns,@that_heart_guy

Follow because:随着他的皮带七枝开，心脏手术，他知道一两件事关于生活的人的生活每一天谁需要对心脏（双关语意）。他进的最好的事情，除了他的优雅和指导，是心脏的战士，他在常规功能。这是一个自我感觉良好的鼓舞人心的饲料，如果有曾经是一个。

• 明星琼斯，@starjonesesq

Follow because:你认识她，她在餐桌上粲然一笑，她的座位The View—yet she’s made it her mission to make sure you know her as the face of heart disease, too, since 2010. Despite the fact that she lost more than 100 pounds after gastric bypass surgery, she still went on to learn she had heart disease. She's now a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association and travels around the globe speaking to women about the dangers of heart disease and how simple lifestyle changes can literally save their lives.

• Alin Gragossian,@a_change_of_heart_blog,achangeofhe.art/blog

Follow because:Picture this: A completely healthy 30-year-old physician who never had any health issues other than a bout with appendicitis. How on earth, then, did she become a heart transplant patient overnight? Her personal experience, mixed with her professional POV, makes her feed and blog endlessly fascinating—and don’t worry, she tells you every single bit of her story.

顶级心脏病相关的播客

• Love Your Heart: A Cleveland Clinic Podcast.：您的很多QS，由专家解答。必威体育betway787专家热门话题，饮食和公共卫生恐慌讨论。所有的事情心脏，所有的时间，从，是的，赞助专家在克利夫兰诊所，以浅白的文字介绍。
• Cholesterol Podcasts from The American Heart Association (AHA)：现在，你应该知道，在心脏疾病的一个重要因素是你的心脏，你的饮食，你的胆固醇的健康。美国心脏协会就如何更好地通过这些翔实的播客管理的LDL和HDL提示。
• 植物证明 - 以植物营养与励志故事：由西蒙·希尔，营养师，物理治疗师主持，并在植物为基础的营养（这是一个事）认证，在一个本播客珩磨最大的生活方式的改变，你将被迫作出，如果你有心脏疾病：饮食。发作特点的饮食方法，谁曾试图它们，并指导如何在行动上让人们。

顶级心脏病非营利组织

• 美国心脏协会。: They make two appearances in this line-up, and for good reason. The AHA is the bees knees of heart health guidance. Not only do they have endless resources to help you navigate life with heart disease, but they also have the hands-on manpower to quite literally walk you through it. Hosting local events like fun runs (or walks), plus galas across the country, you will never feel alone as long as you’re a part of this nonprofit.
• 女人心：在美国，一个在四名妇女心脏疾病死亡，所以它理所当然有一个非营利性的完全奉献给女性对抗它。他们会让你觉得精力充沛，并在自己的健康的控制权，同时用妇女姐妹一个，谁都会浏览这个新的现实与你连接。
• The Heart Foundation：此基础上背后的力量是压倒性的发自内心的，它是在一个健康的35岁的丈夫和父亲谁遭受在篮球场上一个巨大的心脏发作的记忆开始。今天，这个基础燃料世界著名心脏病专家P.K.博士的指导下从事研究沙阿，在寻求找到阻止这些突然的悲剧更有效的方法。