制造类风湿性关节炎的诊断通常是非常棘手。由于没有单一的测试,确认或消除疾病,类风湿性关节炎的诊断是基于体检,病史,实验室检查和经常成像。然而,RA的症状,如疼痛,肿胀和疲劳,不是排他的疾病。正确的诊断是选择合适的治疗方案很重要。
许多疾病,如狼疮,纤维肌痛或斯耶格伦氏综合征,可以很容易地与RA混淆,或在患者中共存。关节炎的症状可能发展遵循一定的感染,如莱姆病,肺结核,胃肠道感染或性传播疾病。患有某些癌症,如大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL)白血病,具有提高RA的发病率,而在儿童急性白血病甚至可能被误诊为特发性幼年型关节炎。
In addition to the conditions mentioned above, here are seven diseases that could be misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis:
骨关节炎(OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common condition misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, according to a recent Colombian study. Of 2,478 patients referred by general practitioners to a specialized center with a presumed diagnosis of RA, it was found that 993 patients (40.1%) had been misdiagnosed. The correct diagnosis in 65 percent of the misdiagnosed patients was osteoarthritis (12).
Potentially confused with seronegative RA,inflammatory osteoarthritisis an aggressive, erosive subtype of primary osteoarthritis that affects 5 to 10 percent of those with OA. The periodic inflammation results in knobby, painful, inflamed knuckles and fingers, while the wrists and metacarpophalangeal joints are not involved. As a form of OA, blood tests show no increases in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein, and antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor testing will be negative (7).
Reactive arthritis (ReA)
反应性关节炎(REA),以前称为莱特尔综合征,是响应于感染发展自身免疫病症。它已经与志贺氏菌,沙门氏菌,弯曲杆菌和其他生物胃肠(GI)感染以及泌尿生殖道(GU)感染(尤其是沙眼衣原体)传播通过性接触有关。症状,其可包括关节炎,结膜炎,或尿道炎,通常发生约一个月以下感染。REA影响男性多于女性。
Psoriatic arthritis (PA)
银屑病关节炎的症状类似于RA,痛风,反应性关节炎和骨关节炎的。在PA和RA是系统性的(全身性),其导致关节损伤的炎性病症。然而,RA是对称的疾病(影响在主体的两侧具有相同的关节中),而PA倾向于不对称并且引起皮肤损伤。RA与类风湿结节和类风湿因子的抗体水平的升高相关联,而PA不是。在RA中,关节肿胀经常发生在关节,而在PA溶胀更广义,并且可以产生一个香肠状外观在手指或脚趾。要在PA确认牛皮癣,可能需要皮肤活检和指甲症状指出。RA的误诊可多达为PA和RA重叠处理较不关键的。
复发性风湿病(PR)
复发性风湿病,也称为回文关节炎,是涉及对关节,组织或出没于循环或发作肌肉炎性攻击的综合征。自发性疼痛可以持续数小时或数天,并且可以从一个关节移动到另一个。一旦肿胀和炎症消失,关节恢复正常无损坏,这有助于从RA区别。复发性风湿病比RA很少见,有症状消失,最终大约在10人。PR可能很难诊断和那些PR的显著数(1/3到1/2)可继续发展RA。
韦格纳肉芽肿
与多血管炎(GPA)肉芽肿是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病,涉及血管(脉管炎)的炎症,一般影响眼睛和皮肤。症状可能包括疲劳,体重减轻,发烧,呼吸急促,血痰,关节疼痛和炎症窦。引起的GPA可能关节疼痛和巩膜外层炎(眼睛的炎症)可以分别类似于类风湿性关节炎和类风湿性血管炎,。
Autoimmune hepatitis (AiH)
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver, causing inflammation and liver damage. It is a serious disease that may worsen over time if not treated and can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. People who have autoimmune hepatitis often have other autoimmune disorders, such as RA, lupus, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's disease.
Fabry disease
法布里病,或安德森 - 法布里病,是缺乏所引起的酶的,神经酰胺trihexosidase,需要代谢脂质一种罕见的遗传性病症。法布里病可能难以承认的症状可以是非特异性非常,很多共享的类风湿关节炎,风湿热,纤维肌痛,皮肌炎,多发性硬化症,特发性肥厚型心肌病,不明原因的肾功能衰竭的特点,美尼尔氏症,易怒易激综合征(6)。通常情况下,男性遇到严重的症状,但女性可能有严重症状或无症状。法布里病已发现透析患者和心脏病患者有肥厚型心肌病(15)有发病率较高。
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