Let's Talk About Rheumatoid Arthritis

你是否刚刚被诊断或担心你公司uld have rheumatoid arthritis, you’re probably nervous, confused, and maybe even a little scared. That’s normal, and everyone featured on HealthCentral with a chronic illness felt just like you do now. But we—and they—are here for you. On this page alone, you’ll discover the realities and challenges of the condition, but also the best treatments, helpful lifestyle changes, where to find your rheumatoid arthritis (RA) community, and all the crucial information to help you not merely manage—but thrive. We’re sure you’ve got a lot of questions...and we’re here to answer them.

What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anyway?

The term "arthritis" feels familiar because: Who hasn't seen the stock image ofelderly-person-gripping-knee? But in fact, the word is often used incorrectly. First, "arthritis" is a catchall term; there isn’t just one variety. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the second most-common type, affecting approximately 1.3 million people in the United States, 70% of whom are women, according to the Arthritis Foundation. Second, RA doesn’t affect only the retirement set, nor does it hit just knees and hands. RA is an autoimmune disorder that causes systemic inflammation, which primarily infiltrates the joints but also has effects beyond them. While it can occur at any time, RA typically develops between ages 40 and 60. That being said, RA can also affect children via a condition called juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

To really understand RA, it helps to have an image in your mind of how joints work. So, picture this: Joints contain several structures that allow you to move easily.

• When healthy, the ends of the bones in a joint are protected from rubbing together by an elastic slippery material called软骨(yep, the same stuff your ear is made of).
• 整个关节由胶囊包围，被称为synovial sac.
• A thin layer of tissue called thesynovial membrane排成一行。
• 膜分泌润滑油滑液, which reduces friction, protecting the cartilage and joints during movement.

但当RA罢工:immune system essentially misfires and sets its sights on the synovial membrane, attacking as if it’s a foreign invader.

In the early stages, the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickened, causing pain and limiting joint movement. Some people report feeling a warm or even burning sensation around the affected joints as well as a stiffness that makes movement slow. Over time, untreated inflammation can damage cartilage and bones. The space between bones can become smaller, causing joints to become unstable, misaligned, more painful, and sometimes even immobile.

Eventually, inflammatory tissue begins to build up, sometimes causing nodules to form around the area, most commonly along the back of the forearms, elbows, joints, and pressure points such as sacrum, occiput, and heel. These nodules will fluctuate with disease activity. However, if you imagine someone with arthritis in their hands, the very firm nodules at the furthest finger joints are actually those seen in Osteoarthritis and not rheumatoid arthritis. And while RA is known for causing joint pain and inflammation, it can spark other symptoms throughout your body, including dry eyes, chest pain, and osteoporosis.

Worth noting: Before you feel any joint pain, it’s common to experience general, nonspecific RA symptoms; unfortunately, they’re the kind that seem to go witheverything–fever, fatigue, loss of appetite—so linking them with RA doesn’t often happen. And that tightness you feel in your joints may only be an issue in the morning (making it seem like not such a big deal). With rest, any synovial fluid you have is soaked up by the cartilage, much like a sponge absorbs water. As you move, the cartilage is "squeezed," and the fluid bathes the joint. First thing in the a.m., there’s just not going to be a lot of extra fluid to keep things loose. But the more you move, the more fluid is released.

是什么原因导致类风湿关节炎在首位？

科学家们认为，这种沉淀RA过度活跃的免疫反应是由遗传和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用引起的。称作Ital上复杂的部分原因是，即使是医学界的顶尖人物也没有找到类风湿关节炎的确切病因。随着他们继续揭开谜团，一些特定的关联已经被确定或正在调查：

• Genetics:Certain genes increase therisk for developing rheumatoid arthritis.For example, the genetic marker HLA-DR4 has been found in 60% to 70% percent of people of European ancestry with RA. But, what’s a “genetic marker”? It’s any variation in your DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific condition. However, simply having the gene does not mean that you have RA or that you will develop it. Because there are so many other factors that impact the development of rheumatoid arthritis and because the gene alone cannot confirm diagnosis or predict it in the future, docs do not perform genetic testing when diagnosing RA.

• 作为一个女人：由于妇女得这种病的三倍比男性更经常，一些专家认为荷尔蒙因素可能在导致类风湿性关节炎的作用。已经表明雌激素可以加快转速的B细胞（那些是白血细胞攻击的滑膜），从而加剧自体免疫疾病等RA。

• 病毒和感染：While we know that RA occurs because the immune system attacks the body’s healthy tissue, the medical jury’s still out on thecause for that response.一些研究人员认为，健康的细胞可以在动作混合起来时，身体的感官从病毒或感染的危险;当免疫系统踢成齿轮和攻击细菌（又名免疫反应），人体自身的组织可能会袭击了。这时候，自身免疫性疾病，如RA弹出，和健康的关节围困下降。

Do I Have the Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

There’s a reason you’re often shown an illustration of a disembodied hand when discussing RA with your doctor! Rheumatoid arthritis most often hits the small joints of the hands and wrists first, where you may feel warmth, swelling, or tenderness. The joint pain of RA has been described in all sorts of ways—deep, dull, aching, throbbing, warm, hot, tender. However, most agree that the pain is typically worse in the early mornings. It can take at least 30 to 45 minutes for joints to loosen and feel better, and it generally worsens again after periods of inactivity.

That said, the signs of rheumatoid arthritis can also extend to your elbows, shoulders, knees, hips, ankles, feet, and neck. RA symptoms also tend to occur symmetrically; that is, joints on both sides of the body are usually affected at the same time. In some cases, other organ systems—including the eyes, heart, and lungs—may become inflamed too, leading to blurred vision, fluid build-up around the heart or lungs, along with chest pain and shortness of breath. (Right now, though, take a long, deep breath: RA is a serious illness, but complications can be controlled and even prevented. More on that below.)

Many people experience symptoms in lengthy episodes of days to years (it’s unpredictable like that), which may be separated by remission periods, when your RA symptoms subside. In fact, women with RA who are pregnant typically experience a complete hiatus of all RA-related symptoms through the pregnancy, because the hormones and immune system adjust to the state of the body. The symptoms usually return full force post-partum, as the body returns to its normal hormonal balance and immune-system functioning.

Early symptoms of RA may include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• 低烧
• 身体不好的感觉一般
• 食欲和体重下降
• 紧密的关节，通常在身体的两侧，接触起来可能很暖和

With long-term, untreated rheumatoid arthritis, these additional symptoms may occur:

• Stiffness (especially after waking up)
• Hard—but painless—skin lumps, known as rheumatoid nodules, on the hands, elbows, knees, or toes that can range in size from a pea to a mandarin orange
• Bent and misshapen joints
• Dry mouth
• Red, itchy eyes
• 胸痛和呼吸困难（在炎症影响心脏和肺的晚期病例中）

When to Call Your Doctor or Rheumatologist

如果你早上感到僵硬，并且有其他RA的早期症状，包括发烧和体重减轻，请预约医生。如果你没有被诊断出来，初级保健医生可以推荐你去风湿病学家那里做必要的类风湿关节炎检查。如果你患有类风湿性关节炎，并经历了一个重大的突发或新的症状，你应该联系你的风湿病学家或初级保健医生寻求帮助。

How Do Doctors Diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis?

RA是根据你的病史，体格检查和实验室和影像学检查（例如，X射线）诊断。

Laboratory tests that may be used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis include:

• Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody:抗体是由你的身体做出过异物打蛋白。抗CCP是一种抗体存在于大多数RA患者。这个简单的验血寻找抗体的存在和水平。
• Complete blood count (CBC):这种常见的测试用于测量血液中的红血细胞，白血细胞的水平，和血小板。低红细胞计数可以是在观察到的慢性炎症的指示。
• C-反应蛋白（CRP）：Your blood is drawn, then checked for the presence of the CRP protein, which is produced by your liver and can be found in your blood in response to inflammation.
• 血沉（ESR）：After a sample of your blood is added to a tube, a technician measures the rate at which the red blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. A fast sedimentation indicates inflammation, with blood cells clumping together and falling quicker.
• 类风湿因子：也被称为乳胶凝集试验,这blood test is used to detect levels of this antibody, which are elevated in most patients who have RA.
• X光片：图像产生x射线显示大坝的数量age that RA inflammation has caused in your joints.
• MRI:Magnetic resonance imaging uses a magnetic field, radiofrequency, and computer technology to get quality images that are so sensitive, they can detect RA damage six months before it shows up on an X-ray.
• Ultrasound:有时被称为超声检查，这是一个非常敏感的试验暴露都出现这种情况在RA损伤以及炎症的存在的骨侵蚀。
• Synovial fluid analysis:在该试验中，当一个关节具有疼痛，炎症，或肿胀进行，流体从关节绘制帮助确定潜在的诊断。这可能是感染，痛风或关节炎，等等。对于文档得到这个权利，因为，很明显，痛风，例如，具有比RA完全不同的治疗方案是非常重要的。

什么是最好的治疗RA？

The goal of treatment is super simple: to keep you moving in all the ways you need to. That means reducing—and ideally stopping—the pain and inflammation that can eventually lead to joint damage. When RA is diagnosed early (check those symptoms!) and you’re aggressive with treatment, you're more likely to avoid complications later.

治疗 - 目标（T2T）是一种新望的治疗策略，其设定缓解或最小疾病活动为目标。工作原理：疾病活动经常监测，如果目标（缓解！）不满足，吃药和剂量进行调整，然后有，在你的约会。究竟如何？文档遵循预定的协议，其中可能包括药物，治疗，饮食结构的改变，RA-友好的练习，手术或治疗方案的组合。

Medications for RA: You’ve Got Options

There are more rheumatoid arthritis medications and treatment choices now available than ever before, which makes it easier to find the best treatment plan for you.

RA medications include (listed, in general, in order of whether your RA is mild, moderate, or severe):

非甾体抗炎药

非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）不能减缓RA的进展，但医生可能会开大剂量的NSAIDs来治疗炎症引起的慢性疼痛。常见的非甾体抗炎药包括：

• Aspirin (Bufferin, Bayer)
• Celecoxib (Celebrex)
• Disalcid (salsalate)
• 布洛芬（布洛芬等品牌）
• Naproxen (Aleve and other brands)
• Relafen (nabumetone)
• COX-2 inhibitors, a subclass of NSAIDs that have a lower risk of internal bleeding or stomach ulcers—a common side effect of other NSAIDs that are used in large doses for a long time. If you做需要高剂量的非甾体抗炎药，这应该是一个短期的解决办法。

DMARDs治疗

These disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (hence: DMARDs) help preserve joints by blocking inflammation. Due to the unpredictable risk of potential side effects from DMARDs—such as upset stomach, infection, hair loss, and liver damage—you must be closely monitored with regular (weekly to every few months) lab tests when taking these medications. DMARDs include:

• 三唑（甲氨蝶呤）
• 柳氮磺胺吡啶（柳氮磺吡啶）
• Arava (leflunomide)
• PLAQUENIL（羟氯喹）

生物制品

也被称为生物反应调节剂，这些药物被设计用来控制免疫系统的某些部分事实上，它们是一种抗体。但是，它们不是锁定细菌或病毒，而是锁定，然后关闭，这些蛋白质会引发炎症。（很酷，对吧？）如今，有许多不同的生物制剂可供选择，因此医生们根据他们所关注的细胞对它们进行分类。

• 肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂（TNF抑制剂）—such as Humira (adalimumab), Enbrel (etanercept), Cimzia (certolizumab), Simponi (golimumab), and Remicade (infliximab)—put the brakes on tumor necrosis factor, a naturally occurring substance that is overproduced in people with RA; it’s the main cause for the first inflammation a person with RA gets. They’re delivered by self-injection or IV infusion, depending on the drug.
• B-cell inhibitors一样，美罗华（利妥昔单抗），是通过IV和杀B淋巴细胞可产生火花的炎症给药。
• Interleukin-1 (IL) blockers, like Kineret (anakinra), are self-injected daily; they target interleukin-1, an inflammatory compound in the body.
• Interleukin-6 inhibitors, such as self-injected Kevzara (sarilumab) and IV-administered or self-injected Actemra (tocilizumab), stop interleukin-6 proteins from attaching to cells and triggering inflammation.
• T-Cell inhibitors, like Orencia (abatacept), latch on to the surface of T-cells (aka inflammation-causing white blood cells). A doctor will give you this medicine via IV.

These medicines can slow the progression of RA and even bring about long periods of remission. Drawbacks? The delivery method—you must give yourself shots or visit an IV infusion center regularly—and because they tamp down your immune system, you may be more likely to catch colds and other infections.

Steroids

Oral corticosteroids, such as Deltasone (prednisone), offer quick relief from symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and, in advanced cases, can prevent RA-related inflammation from harming your eyes and internal organs. Because prednisone has serious side effects when used for extended periods, it is often reserved for severe flare-ups or when other treatments are ineffective. Injections of corticosteroids into an affected joint may also be helpful.

手术

有一些RA情况下，通常是先进的和/或undertreated，其中手术可能是一个必要的考虑因素。含义：这个痛苦是很可能大伤元气，而且不再有正常的关节功能。有两种类型的手术：

• 滑膜切除术。任何时候肿胀变得如此严重以至于你很难移动和功能，这个手术都可以进行。它能去除受影响关节的病变滑膜，以减轻肿胀和疼痛，并有助于防止进一步的关节损伤。
• 关节置换术。This surgery replaces the damaged joint with a mechanical one to restore joint function or fix a deformity. More than a million joint replacement surgeries are performed each year, mostly of the hip or knee, but the shoulders, elbows, and joints in the hands and feet may be replaced as well. Critical to discuss with your surgeon: the types of activities you want to continue after joint replacement. This will help your doc select the appropriate type of prosthesis and implantation technique, while giving you a deeper dive into the risks and limitations of surgery.

Other Types of Therapy That Can Help

If you have RA, yes, you have a chronic illness. But there are a number of things you can do—in addition to typical meds—to help you feel your best. For this, consider assembling a medical team of specialists from a variety of fields, including psychiatry, nutrition, and radiology.Other health-related professionals may also be part of your team to assist you with the following:

• Movement.Your doctor may prescribe an exercise program or advise you to see a physical or occupational therapist. While exercise that is too vigorous may worsen your symptoms,温和运动的程序可以增加你的关节的运动范围. 有些运动在游泳池或热水浴缸里更容易进行，因为水有助于支撑身体。告诉你的医生哪种技术对你最好。

• Sleep.Given how uncomfortable the condition is, more than half of people with RA have trouble晚上睡觉.此外，RA-相关的炎症往往比那些快耗尽能量水平不RA-这样一个坚实的8小时关眼的更为关键。通过使用枕头作为在需要额外的支撑（例如，下一个痛苦肩部或堆叠膝盖之间）开始今晚。

• Compresses.自热工作,减少肌肉紧张和机枪兵ulate blood circulation, many people with RA say that applying something warm (a fresh-from-the-dryer hoodie will do!) makes joints feel better before exercise and other physical activity. Cold compresses, on the other hand, reduce inflammation, swelling, and soreness after an RA flare.

• Topical creams.Applying creams or lotions containing capsaicin (an extract from chili peppers!) may soothe minor joint pain. Ditto for those with camphor, menthol, or turpentine oil. Try: capsaicin-infusedCapzasin HP CrèmeorJ、 沃特金斯白乳膏搽剂, which has both camphor and turpentine oil.

• 夹板。你的风湿病医生可能会给你有麻烦的地方开夹板。在严重的情况下，它们会通过固定你的关节来帮助减轻疼痛。

• Diet.虽然关于饮食与RA的作用最为证据是传闻，也有一些研究，指示某些食物可能会有所帮助。尤其是地中海饮食（又名抗炎饮食）哪位强调鱼类，橄榄油，蔬菜，已被证明对发炎一定的影响，可能是由于ω-3在某些鱼类的脂肪酸。几个较小的研究还吹嘘在RA一个素食主义者或素食的乐于助人。全面了解RA和饮食here.

是什么触发类风湿关节炎发作了？

Like a tornado, the triggers of rheumatoid arthritis are unpredictable. The best way to gain more control? Pinpointthe culprits behind your flares.Everyone’s are different, but typical offenders include:

• Stress
• Infections, including flu and cold, that activate your immune system
• Physical trauma, like surgery or broken bones
• 后怀孕
• Poor dental health
• Certain foods, including processed snacks, red meat, and excess refined sugars
• Too much exercise
• 在天气剧烈，突然变化

类风湿关节炎有严重并发症吗？

It can. Side effects from rheumatoid arthritis are manifestations of the condition itself and come in two varieties: those from untreated or undertreated RA, and those caused by joint damage.RA的常见并发症include:

• Heart disease.它影响比RA所有的人的一半以上。
• Rheumatoid nodules, which occur in 30% to 40% of RA patients and are more bothersome than painful.
• 骨质疏松症-相关骨折。这些在类风湿关节炎患者中比普通人群多25%到30%。
• Infections (flu, staph, pneumonia). They’re twice as common in people with RA.
• 肺病.It develops in nearly one-fourth of RA patients.
• 干眼症.这是最常见的眼部投诉人与RA。

大约10%的被诊断为类风湿性关节炎的人（经过努力治疗）在一年内完全缓解，大约40%go into remission同in two years. That’s thanks to significant advances in treatment over the past two decades.

This is exactly why it’s so critical not to ignore symptoms—or to put off getting help. If the disease progresses and is not treated, that’s when the worst side effects can occur: severely restricted range of motion or, worse, gradual destruction of the joints. The inflammatory process slows down as fibrous tissue forms or bones fuse, and joints stop functioning altogether.

Prevention

虽然是从获得类风湿性关节炎保持没有已知的方法，也有很多的步骤，你可以采取的预防并发症，感觉更好的整体。

• 戒烟。A Swedish study of 34,101 women reported that even light cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of RA in women and that quitting (or not starting at all) may reduce the risk.
• 保持健康的体重以减轻关节的压力。如果你超重，你可能要考虑减肥计划，多余的体重可以把不必要的压力对你的关节。考虑与营养师的工作，以帮助建立一个个性化的饮食或程序，您的目标，具体目标（即少糖多的ω-3脂肪酸/鱼）用于管理RA。
• 吃健康的饮食。虽然对于RA没有规定的饮食，目的是避免食物，引起炎症，如包装的零食，并且包括促进骨骼健康和免疫功能的食物。
• 开始或跟上一个锻炼程序。Research shows that exercise can help alleviate RA symptoms and even improve day-to-day functioning. It can also make you more flexible, help you sleep better, and boost your endurance.

What’s Life Like for People With RA?

A day-to-day with rheumatoid arthritis often includes pain and fatigue, which can, admittedly, be overwhelming. You may also have to deal with people who don't really understand your condition and can't fully grasp what you're going through. If RA is relatively new to you, or you’re exhausted and in constant pain, we understand how impossible it can feel to gather the strength to search for good care and try new treatments. So start small: First educate yourself about RA, then work toward building confidence in who you are as a person living with RA.

情绪健康

People who have rheumatoid arthritis often feel that they mustmask or disguise their issues, which can be a real drain on your brain. The best solutions?

• 说话。简单地和朋友和家人谈论你和RA之间的关系可以减轻孤独的负担，帮助你的人以你需要的方式帮助你。
• 想办法缓解压力。Try creating a self-care routine and exploring alternative treatments like meditation.
• Consider talking to a therapist.被诊断为类风湿性关节炎往往会引发一个悲伤的过程，因为你哀悼健康的你，并努力接受你的情况。你可能会感到沮丧，特别是如果你的疾病是非常活跃的。通过优先考虑你的心理健康，并与顾问或治疗师联系（你的家庭医生或风湿病学家可以给你推荐一个），你将建立自己的后续与所有其他方面的类风湿关节炎管理。

Sex Life

Fifty-nine percent of those with RA, per a study published inRheumatology，认为本病对他们的性生活产生负面影响。也难怪：根据问题的严重性，RA本身，以及一些用于治疗吃药吧，可以减少因欲望疲劳，僵硬，阴道干涩，勃起功能障碍和性欲下降。

So, what’s the fix? Patience, communication, and understanding between you and your partner are obviously key. There are also certain sex positions that may feel more comfortable for you, typically based on your most ouchy joints:

• 腕和/或肘痛：Lie on your back or side, and place pillows under your elbows as needed.
• For neck pain:Don’t put pillows behind your neck or bend it forward when you’re on your back having sex. And be sure to talk to your doctor about how RA may affect your neck and how to protect it.
• 对于臀部疼痛：If it hurts to move your hips around, have sex in a spoon position, with your partner behind you.
• 膝盖疼痛：You want to keep your knees straight, so try being on the bottom in the missionary position or lie on your sides facing each other.

怀孕

It’s complicated enough没有RA—so of course getting pregnant同条件带有一个额外的十亿的问题。Will I have to come off my medication?(There are some medicines that are unsafe to take during pregnancy, while others are fine.)我会把RA传给我的孩子吗？(In short, not necessarily.) Learn as much as possible aboutthe issues to consider, and talk to your rheumatologist early on (ideally, before you start trying) regarding medication risks.

Where Can I Find Rheumatoid Arthritis Communities?

RA affects such a small percentage of the population that, without actively searching, running into another RA-er IRL is as likely as spotting a Charleston Chew at a movie-theater concession stand. Yet, finding your people—those who knowexactlywhat you’re going through—is just as important to your mental wellbeing as finding a treatment plan that works. Form connections, discover resources, share both pain and inspiration, and make new friends, starting here.

Top RA Instagrammers

• 布里特·约翰逊，@hurtblogger

遵循这是因为：She’s been through the mud—and pretty much stuck there—and does not sugarcoat the realities. She做es然而，发现最微小的地方光明和爱，不断地提醒你，如果她能找到生活的勇气，你也可以。

• Desiree Lee,@thebarbellbeautie

遵循这是因为：She may be afraid of needles (hello, Humira shots), but she is not afraid of a barbell. Serving up your daily dose of workout inspiration—and actual workout routines—without ignoring the exercise issues that come with a chronic condition.

• Renee Anderson,@the_rheumatoid_arthritis_​​mama

遵循这是因为：She’s relatable on every level: She covers all aspects of how RA affects her life—and shares that emotional rollercoaster in her captions—including how she maintains a robust marriage in a hurting bod, keeps mommin’ through exhaustion, and fuels her health with arthritis-approved recipes.

• 艾琳·戴维森，@chroniceileen,chroniceileen.com

遵循这是因为：She’s a mega-advocate who is hellbent on making her rounds to raise awareness about what it’s really like to have RA, and she makes no (sore) bones about it. She’s a born storyteller, with a side of sass.

• 松本爱美，@fitaimee_ra

遵循这是因为：Just when you think you can’t rock mom life (or even have it at all), splurge on In-N-Out Burger, or muster the energy to exercise, Aimee is here to prove you wrong onall在那个时期。

顶级RA相关播客

• Chronic Briefs.由versatile and hilarious writer Daniel Malito (who has had juvenile arthritis for more than 25 years, since he was 11 years old), the archives of this RA-related podcast are poignant and sometimes LOL-funny.
• 慢性性行为.性别教育家和社会活动家柯尔斯滕·舒尔茨的主机在显式中，NSFW除非你戴着耳机！-podcast，揭露有关的慢性疾病和残疾（包括RA）是如何影响的关系，性别和性的真理。
• Sickness + Health.艺术家和健康倡导者卡拉盖尔O'Regan已经住在一起，埃勒斯 - 当洛综合征，另一个联合相关条件，超过二十年;在这里，她做的一些最棘手的议题，保险，残疾的深入访谈，死亡率，因为它们相交慢性疾病和疼痛。
• 关节炎和工作由关节炎协会.While it’s not an ongoing series, this is a gold mine of solid work-related resources specific to balancing a career when you have RA.

顶级RA支持团体和非营利组织

• 关节炎基金会.This org and its award-winning magazine,今天关节炎, help you create a personalized plan for a full life. From quizzes (“What’s Your Arthritis Diet?”) and expert Q&A’s to customizable programs and tools (“Track and React,” a symptom-tracking app), the Arthritis Foundation encourages you to look at your RA diagnosis holistically.
• The Arthritis National Research Foundation.在超过四十年来，这组提供赠款和关节炎研究的原因和预防，并为新的治疗方法，慢性关节条件组织筹款。无论您是重到科学与否，这就是你要寻找研究人员的最新和最伟大的RA结果。
• Rheumatoid Arthritis Support Network.Its goal? Provide up-to-date information so that people with RA know their options for prescription drugs and alternative therapies, and fully understand their diagnosis. The site also has a treasure trove of resources, including a rheumatologist directory.
• My RA Team. 这个庞大的社交网络实际上把你和其他患有类风湿关节炎的人联系起来。这对情感支持、实用建议和管理病情的现实世界洞察力都很有帮助。